Presentation about Major oil seed crop pests Helpful for Bsc,Msc students

1. Topic:
Pests of oil seed crops
Date: 16-11-2022
Submitted to:
Dr. P. S. Singh,
Professor.
Dr. R. S. Meena,
Assistant Professor.
Department of Entomology and Agril. Zoology
Submitted by:
Banoth Sandeep,
21412EAZ005,
M. Sc. (Ag.) Previous

2. Pests of oil seed crops
Castor
Sunflower
Linseed

3. Major pests
1. CASTOR SEMILOOPER Achaea Janata Noctuidae: Lepidoptera
2. CASTOR SHOOT AND CAPSULE BORER Conogethis punctiferalis Pyralidae: Lepidoptera
3. TOBACCO CATERPILLAR Spodoptera litura Noctuidae: Lepidoptera
4. CASTOR SLUG Parasa lepida Limacodidae: Lepidoptera
Minor pests
1. LEAF HOPPERS Amrasca biguttula biguttula Cicadellidae: Hemiptera
2. CASTOR BUTTERFLY/ SPINY CATERPILLAR Ergolis merione Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera
3. CASTOR WHITEFLY Trialeurodes rara, Trialeurodes ricini Aleurodidae: Hemiptera
4. CASTOR THRIPS Retithrips syriacus, Scirtothrips dorsalis Thripidae: Thysanoptera
CASTOR

4. CASTOR SEMILOOPER
Achaea janata, Paralellia algira
Noctuidae: Lepidoptera
It occurs during August-January.
Host plants: rose, citrus pomegranate,tea.
Adult is a stout-bodied, greyish-brown colored moth with wavy lines on the fore wing.
Hind wings are white with patches or markings.

5. Larvae: Body grey/black in color with red or white lateral stripes,fully grown larva about
6-7cm long. Sometimes larvae with red strips.
Its is semilooper i.e Non functioning of first pair prolegs
Pupa: Pupation takes place on thr plant or in leaf litter or in soil with the help of coccon
Eggs: Female moths lays 400-500rggs scattered all over the ventral surface of the plant

6. Symptoms of damage
•Damage to complete defoliation.
•leave bare stems & veins
MANAGEMENT:
• The larvae may be handpicked and destroyed.
• Telenomus and Tetrastichus sp. Parasitize the eggs.
• Erection of bird perches @ 10 / ha
• Application of neem oil 5 ml/l or B.t 1 g/l
• Foliar spray with methyl parathion 2 ml/l or thiodicarb 1g/lt

7. CASTOR SHOOT AND CAPSULE BORER
Conogethis punctiferalis
Pyralidae: Lepidoptera
It is a potential pest and occasionally becomes serious. It is active from September to
February when crop is in flowering.
Larva: - pale greenish with pinkish tinge and fine hairs with dark head and
prothoracic shield
Moth is medium sized having bright orange yellow coloured wings with numerous
black dots or spots

8. MANAGEMENT:
 Collection of infested shoots and capsules and their destruction.
 spray any one of the following insecticides, thrice from flowering
at three weeks interval :
 Malathion 50 EC 2.0 l /ha
 Carbaryl 50 WP 2.0 kg / ha in 1000 l of water
Damage symptoms:
The damage is caused by the caterpillar, which bores into the
main stem of young plant and ultimately into the capsules. The
borer is distributed throughout India where castor is grown.

9. TOBACCO CATERPILLAR
Spodoptera litura
Noctuidae: Lepidoptera
It is found through out the tropical and sub tropical parts of the world, wide spread in India.
Besides castor it feeds on tobacco cotton, groundnut, tomato, cabbage and various other cruciferous
crops.
Identification of the pest
•Egg - Egg masses appear golden brown
•Larva - Pale greenish with dark markings. Gregarious in the early stages
•Adult - Forewings – brown colour with wavy white markings. Hind wings- white colour with a
brown patch along the margin

10. MANAGEMENT
 Collect and destroy the egg masses and caterpillars in the early stages of infestation.
 Plough the field so as to expose the pupae to predators and parasitoids
 Monitoring the pest with pheromone traps (4-5/acre) helps in timely treatment.
 To control early stage larvae, spray neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% or chlorpyriphos 2.5ml or
monocrotophos 2ml or quinolphos 2ml or neem oil 5ml per litre of water.
 As the grown up larvae move down to soil to hide during day time,
Poison bait
(1 litre of monocrotophos or 1kg carbaryl + 10kg of rice bran + 1 kg jaggery + 1 litre of water)
to make the bait in to pellets for one hectare) placement at base of the plants helps in killing the larvae.
Nature damage:
In early stages, the caterpillars are gregarious and scrape the chlorophyll content
of leaf lamina giving it a papery white appearance. Later they become voracious
feeders making irregular holes on the leaves and finally leaving only veins and petioles.
During flowering and boll formation stage, the caterpillars also feed on the internal
contents of bolls causing irregular holes.

11. CASTOR SLUG CATERPILLAR
Parasa lepida
Limacodidae: Lepidoptera
It is a sporadic pest of castor. It also attacks coconut, mango, citrus, wood apple etc.
Identification of the pest
•Larva- slug like, ventrally flat, greenish body with white lines and four rows of spiny scoli
tipped red or black
•Adult: - green moth with brown band at the base of the forewin

12. Symptoms of damage
•Feed gregariously on the leaves of castor and later spread over to the entire plant.
•Cause defoliation – leaving only the midrib and veins
Management
The pest should be kept in check by picking the gregarious caterpillars and the
cocoons which are found on tree trunks and destroying them in water with a film of
kerosene.
•Spray chlorpyriphos or Quinalphos @ 2 ml per litre of water if pest attack is more.

13. sunflower
1.Capitulum borer (Head borer) Helicoverpa armigera
2.Bihar hairy caterpillar: Spilosoma obliqua
Non insect pest
3.Parakeet: Psittacula krameri

14. Capitulum borer (Head borer)
Helicoverpa armigera
Noctuidae,Lepidoptera
Identification of the pest:
•Egg: Spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly
•Larva: Shows colour variation from greenish to brown. It has dark brown grey lines on the body with lateral
white lines and also has dark and pale bands
•Pupa: Brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, pod and crop debris
•Adult: Light pale brownish yellow stout moth. Forewings are olive green to pale brown with a dark brown
circular spot in the centre. Hind wings are pale smoky white with a broad blackish outer margin

15. Symptoms of damage:
 The larva feeds on the developing seeds and bore the head
 Fungal developed and head starts rotting
 The larva consumes leaf in early stage of growth and move towards the capitulum and tunnel the head

16. Management:
 Grow inter crops like, green gram, black gram, groundnut, soybean
 Sow 3-4 lines of maize (or) jowar around the sunflower crop to monitor the moth
 Sow trap crops like marigold at 50 plants/acre
 Use of pheromone traps (4 traps/acre) for pest intensity identification as well as to trap the male moths
 Setting of light traps (1 light trap/5 acre) to know the range of pest incidence as well as to kill moth
population
 Release predators like coccinellids, Chrysoperla carnea @1larva/ head
 Release parasitoides like Trichogramma spp.@ 20,000/acre, (Bracon spp., Campoletis spp)
 Spray HaNPV 250 LE + Bt @0.5kg/ha for effective control
 Spray HaNPV 250 LE/ha +1 kg Jaggery + 200ml Sandovit (or) Teepal; mixing and spray in the evening
hours only
 Spraying of 5% Neem oil or 5% Neem Seed Kernal extract before egg laying

17. Bihar hairy caterpillar: Spilosoma obliqua
Erebidae, Lepidoptera
Identification of the pest
 Eggs: Laid in cluster on the underside of leaves.
 Larva: Covered with long yellowish to black hairs
Adult
 Medium sized brown moth with a red abdomen.
•Wings pinkish with numerous black spots.
2nd instar
6th instar
Pupa
Adult

18. Symptoms of damage
•Young larvae feed gregariously mostly on the under
surface of the leaves.
•Caterpillars feed on leaves and in severe infestation the
whole crop is defoliated.
•Drying up of infected leaves is the main symptom
Management
•Deep summer ploughing.
•Use of well rotten manures.
•Intercropping with pigeon pea at a row ratio of 2:1 is effective in reducing the insect attack.
•Collection and destruction of larvae.
•Spray phosalone 35 EC at 1000ml/ha.
Larval feeding

19. Parakeet: Psittacula krameri
Identification of the pest
•It is slim, green parakeet with the typical short, heavy, deeply hooked,
red bill. Hollow space in a tree trunk is the nest of the bid
Symptoms of damage
•The birds damage starts from the milky stage and continues till
harvest.
•These consumes on an average of 152 seeds/day

20. Management
 Establishment of scare crows in the field so as to distract the birds.
 Bursting of crackers and carbide guns, tying polythene bags.
 Use of bird scaring tape (reflective ribbon or bird scaring ribbon).
 Destruction of bird nest in and around the field. Scaring tape
 Deploy two labourers per hectare to scare away the birds.
 Pruning of perching and breeding places
 Spraying of neem kernal powder solution at 10 g/litre of water after seed shedding repels the birds.
 Use of bird proof nets.
Carbide gun Bird proof net

21. Crop: Sesamum
Scientific name: Sesamum indicum
Family: Pedaliaceae

22. 1. Leaf webber, roller and capsule borer: Antigastra catalaunalis
2.Hawk or Dead head moth (Sphinx caterpillar): Acherontia styx
3. Leaf hopper: Orosius albicinctus
4. Gingelly Gall fly: Asphondylia sesami

23. Leaf webber, roller and capsule borer:
Antigastra catalaunalis
pyralidae, Lepidoptera
Symptoms of damage
•The young larvae roll together a few top leaves and feed them.
•In the early stage of infestation, the plant dies without producing any
branch or shoot.
•In later stage of attack, infested shoots stop growing.
•At flowering, larvae feed inside the flowers and on capsule
formation, larvae bore into capsule and feed on developing seeds.
Identification of the pest
•Larvae: Greenish in colour with black head having short white hairs
•Adult: Medium sized moth with reddish yellow forewings.

24. Damage symptoms on leaf (A and B), capsules (C) and
stem (D) of sesame due to larval feeding of
Antigastra catalaunalis.
Leaf loss due to Antigastra catalaunalis infestation on
sesame crop.

25. Management
•Two sprayings with neem formulation 0.03%
•Spray any one of the following :
•Carbaryl 50 WP 1000 g/ha in 500 litre of water
•Neem seed kernels extract (5%).
•Neem oil 2% (two rounds)
•Use alternate insecticides each time and avoid the usage of same
insecticide every time.

26. Hawk or Dead head moth (Sphinx caterpillar): Acherontia Styx
Sphingidae, Lepidoptera
Identification of the pest
•Larvae: Greenish in colour with black head having short white hairs
•Adult: Medium sized moth with reddish yellow forewings.
Adult
•Brownish giant hawk moth.
•Thorax with a characteristic skull marking.
•Abdomen has violet and yellow band.
•Forewings are dark brown and Hind wings are yellowish with 2 black
lines.

27. Symptoms of damage
•The young larvae roll together a few top leaves and feed them.
•In the early stage of infestation, the plant dies without
producing any branch or shoot.
•In later stage of attack, infested shoots stop growing.
•At flowering, larvae feed inside the flowers and on capsule
formation, larvae bore into capsule and feed on developing
seeds.
Management
•Deep ploughing exposes the pupae for predation to insectivorous
birds.
•Hand picking collection and destruction of caterpillars.
•Two rounds of dusting with phosalone 4% or malathion 5%, first at
30 DAS and second at 45 DAS.
Caterpillar feeding

28. Leaf hopper: Orosius albicinctus
Cicadellidae,Hemiptera
Symptoms of damage
•Curling of leaf edges and leaves turn red or brown.
•The leaves dry up and shed.
•Vector of sesamum phyllody
Identification of the pest
•Adult: Light brown coloured hoppe
Management
Spray any one of the following :
•Methyl demeton 25% EC 1200 m
l/ha
•Quinalphos 25%EC 2000 ml/ha
A. phyllody-affected plants in
the field;
B. a shoot showing internodes
shortening with dense
leaves and
C. shoots showing green
leaflike floral organs.

29. Gingelly Gall fly: Asphondylia sesame
Cecidomyiidae,Diptera
Symptoms of damage
•Maggots feed inside the floral bud
•Leading to formation of gall like structure which do not develop in to
flower/capsules.
•The affected buds wither and drop.
Identification of the pest
•Larva: Maggots are whitish, legless and with body tapering exteriorly.
•Adult: Mosquito like fly
Management
•Two sprayings with neem formulation 0.03%
Spray any one of the following :
•Carbaryl 50 WP 1000 g/ha in 500 litre of water
•Neem seed kernels extract (5%).
•Neem oil 2% (two rounds)
•Use alternate insecticides each time and avoid the usage of same
insecticide every time.
Infested flower bud

30. 1. Elements of economic entomology – Vasantharaj David
2. Agricultural pest of south Asia and their management-A.S Atwal and G.S Dhaliwal
3. Pest of oilseed crop tnau.agritech portal