Pest of sugarcane

1. INSECT PESTS OF COTTON INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE
1- Cotton Jasid
2-Whitefly
3-American bollworm
4-Spoted bollworm
5-Pink boll worm
1-Top borer of sugarcane
2-Stem borer of Sugarcane
3-Root borer of Sugarcane
5-Sugarcane hopper/Pyrilla
INSECT PESTS OF COTTON AND SUGARCANE AND THEIR
BIOLOGY/MANAGEMENT

2. 1-Leafhopper
S.N: Amrasca devastans , Amrasca biguttula
Family: Cicadellidae
Order: Homoptera
Status: Most destructive Pest of American Cotton
Distribution :Well distributed in all cotton-growing region of Pakistan and India.
Host range: Cotton, potato, tomato, brinjal, castor, bhendi, hollyhock and sunflower
etc.
Adult Identification:
SUCKING INSECT PESTS OF COTTON
• Greenis yellow,
• winged, two black spots on tips of forewing
• 3mm in size
• 3 months (5- 7 weeks)

3. LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY
Cotton Jassid
LIFE CYCLE
ADULT
EGG
NYMPH
• Greenis yellow,
• winged,
• 3mm in size
• 3 months (5- 7 weeks)
• Yellowish white
• 25-30 Egg
• 4-11 days hatching
• greenish yellow and Wedge shaped
• 5 instars
• 7-21 days
• Active period: (March- November)

4. LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY

5. MODE OF DAMAGE
downward curling of leaves hopper burn
feeding underside leaves
Damage symptoms: Both nymphs and adults suck the sap and inject toxins
• tender leaves turn yellow,
• leaf margins curl downwards (cupshaped appearance)
• brick red colour “hopper burn”.
• Crop growth retarded.
• boll formation reduced
• Lint quality deteriorated
• 35% reduction in yield
ETL: 1 jassid/leaf or 50% leaf curling

6. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Cotton should be sown earlier
• Avoid excessive use of fertiliser and irrigation
• Clean cultivation and removal of weeds
• Use of Cotton hairy varieties
• Use of predators such as chrysoperla sp and spiders
CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG), 3.0 g/Kg seed or 24 g/acre
• Imidacloprid (Confidor/Fencidor 70 WS, 5g/Kg seed or
• Imidacloprid (Confidor/Fencidor /Glitter 200 SL), 60 ml/acre
• Acetamiprid (Rani/Mospilan/Trust 20 SP), 125 g /or ml/acre
• Diafenthiuron (polo/Solo 500 SC), 200-250 ml/acre
• Buprofezin (Sitara/Byzin 25 WP), 500 g/acre
• Bifenthrin (Talstar 10 EC) 200-250 ml/acre

7. 2- Whitefly
S. C: Bemisia tabaci
Family: Aleyrodidae
Order: Homoptera
Status : Most serious pest
Distribution : Cotton growing areas of Pakistan and India including tropical and
subtropical countries of the world, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Congo, West Africa, Japan and
Europe
Host range: Cotton, tomato, tobacco, sweet potato, cassava, cabbage, cauliflower,
melon, brinjal and bhendi etc
Adult Identification:
Adults are minute insects (0.5 to 1.25 mm) having grayish white wings, yellow body and
red medially constricted eyes. Body is covered with white waxy powder

8. Cotton whitefly
LIFE CYCLE
ADULT
EGG
Crawlers
NYMPH
PSEUDO PUPAE (2-8 days)
Pupae also resemble nymphs
in shape and have brownish
opercula.
• Yellowish white,
• winged,
• 1-1.5 mm in size
• 2-5 days (summer)
• 25 days (winter)
• Colour: creamy white
• N°: 110 Egg
• Hatching: 3-5 days
• Eggs are stalked,
yellowish white in
colour and sub elliptical
in shape.
• Nymphs are yellowish/brownish and scale like. They are found in large
numbers on undersurface of leaves. 4 instars
• 9-14 days (April-Sept)-------17-81 days (Oct-March)
LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY

9. LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY
Two yellow spot/ mycetome on abdomen
4th Instar is also called Pseudopupa
The female whitefly lays the eggs singly on
the undersurface of the leaves and mostly
on the top and middle crop canopy. Each
female is capable of laying about 120 eggs.
The incubation period varies from 3-5 days
during spring and summer 5-17 days during
autumn and more than 30 days during
winter.
The nymphs after hatching fix themselves
to the underside of the leaves and moult
thrice before pupation.
The nymphal period varies from 9-14 days
during summer, and 17-19 days during
winter.
The pupal period is 2-8 days. The total life
cycle ranges from 14- 107 days depending
upon the weather conditions.
There are about 12 overlapping
generations in a year and the pest also
reproduces parthenogenetically at times

10. MODE OF DAMAGE
Damage symptoms:
Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the under surface of leaves.
• leaves turn yellow and fall off,
• development of sooty mould (photosynthesis interference)
• Injection of toxic saliva (physiological disorder)
• shedding of buds and bolls and poor boll opening.
• premature defoliation
• It also transmits the more than 50 viral diseases, (CLCV).
ETL: 5-whitefly / leaf
Symptoms of damage:
Shiny sticky appearance of affected plants.
Shaking of affected plants cause whiteflies to fly.

11. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
•Use white fly tolerant /Resistant hairy varieties
•Timely sowing with recommended spacing, preferably wider spacing is essential,
•Avoid the alternative cultivated host crops of the whitefly (Brinjal, bhendi, tomato and tobacco)
in the vicinity of the cotton crop.
•Grow cotton only once in a year either in winter or summer season in any cotton tract.
•Adopt crop rotation with non-preferred hosts such as sorghum, ragi, maize etc., to check the
build up of the pest.
•Remove and destroy alternate weed hosts like Abutilon indicum, Solanum nigrum from the
fields and neighbouring areas.
•
•Follow judicious irrigation management and nitrogenous fertilizer application to arrest the
excessive vegetative growth and pest the buildup.
•Monitor the activities of the adult whiteflies by setting up yellow pan traps and sticky traps at 1
foot height.
•Collect and remove whitefly infested leaves from the plants and those which were shed due to
the attack of the pest and destroy them.
• Use of pressurise water spray
Use of chrysoperla sp and spiders

12. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
CHEMICAL CONTROL
Spray any of the following insecticides
• Thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG), 3.0 g/Kg seed or 24 g/acre
• Imidacloprid (Confidor/Fencidor 70 WS), 5g/Kg seed or
• Imidacloprid (Confidor/Fencidor /Glitter 200 SL), 60 ml/acre
• Acetamiprid (Rani/Mospilan/Trust 20 SP), 125 g /or ml/acre
• Diafenthiuron (polo/Solo 500 SC), 200-250 ml/acre
• Buprofezin (Sitara/Byzin 25 WP), 500 g/acre
• Bifenthrin (Talstar 10 EC) 200-250 ml/acre
• Spray NSKE 5% and neem oil 5 ml or fish oil rosin soap at 1 kg / 40 L of water (or) in
combination with recommended dose of insecticide (2 ml/L).
• The use of the synthetic pyrethroids should be discouraged / minimized to 2-3 sprays in cotton to
avoid the problem of whitefly.
• Avoid repeated spraying of synthetic pyrethroids.

13. 1-Spotted Bollworm
S.N: Earias Insulana, Earias vitella
Family: Noctudae
Order: Lepidoptera
Status: Major and destructive Pest of American Cotton.
Distribution : Cosmopolitan , Major pest in all cotton-growing region of Pakistan and
India.
Host range: Cotton, bhendi, holly hock, Hibiscus cannabinus, Abutilon indicum
Adult Identification:
CHEWING INSECT PESTS OF COTTON
Earias Insulana Earias vitella

14. spotted bollworm
LIFE CYCLE
ADULT
EGG
Larvae
PUPAE ( 7-25 days, plants or
fallen leaves)
• Yellowish white,
• winged,
• 25 mm in size across wings
• 18-34 days ( summer)
• 26-136 days (winter)
• Colour: greenish/bluish
• N°: 200-400 Eggs
• Hatching: 3-7 days
• 6 instars
• 7-18 days (Aug-oct)
• 28-74 days (Nov-Feb)
• Active period: March- November
LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY

15. MODE OF DAMAGE
ETL: 3 larvae /25 plants or 10% damage to shoots, buds, flowers or bolls
Only Larvae/Caterpillar cause damage.
• boring of terminal portion (dying/withering)
• boring of squares, flowers, and fruits,
• Feeding hole plugged by excreta
• Sheding of fruiting bodies,
• premature boll opening,
• lower ginning percentage
• lint quality deterioration
A B
C D
E F

16. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Early sowing of cotton crop
• Clean cultivation and removal of weeds or alternate host plants such as bhindi etc
• Use of Cotton resistant varieties (Bt cotton ) etc
Biological Control:
• Use of Predators/Parasitoids, local egg parasitoid, trichogramma chilonis and exotic
egg parasitoid T. Brasiliens
CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Cypermethrin (Ripcord 10 EC), 200-250 ml/acre
• Cypermethrin+ profenofos (polytrin-C 440 EC), 600 ml/acre
• Lambda-cyhalothrin (karate 2.5 EC), 330 ml/acre
• Spinosad (Tracer 240 SC), 80 ml/acre
• Indoxacarb (Steward 150 SC) 175 ml/acre
• Thiodicarb (larvin 80 DF), 400 g/acre
• Bifenthrin (Talstar 10 EC) 200-250 ml/acre

17. Biological Control Agents/Predators

18. Biological Control Agents/Parasitoids
• Precautions:
• The use of the synthetic pyrethroids should be discouraged/ minimized to 2-3
sprays in cotton to avoid the problem of whitefly.
• Avoid repeated spraying of synthetic pyrethroids/ Use different groups of
Insecticides.

19. 2-Pink bollworm
S.N: Pectinophora gossypiella
Family: Gelechiidae
Order: Lepidoptera
Status: Major and destructive pest in all cotton-growing region of Pakistan
Distribution : India, USA, Pakistan, Africa, Australia etc.
Host range: Cotton, bhendi, holly hock and other malvaceous plants
Adult Identification:
CHEWING INSECT PESTS OF COTTON
• Dark brown,
• Winged fringes,
• 8-9 mm in size across wing
• 2-29 days

20. Pink bollworm
LIFE CYCLE
25-35 days
ADULT
EGG
Larvae
PUPAE (bolls, ground debris, fallen leaves,
6-17 days
• darkbrown,
• Winged fringes,
• 8-9 mm in size across wing
• 2-29 days
• Colour: creamy white
• N°: 100-250 Eggs
• Hatching: 3-7 days
• 4 instars
• 8-16 days
LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY

21. Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) larvae cause damage
MODE OF DAMAGE
ETL: 5% damage of bolls
Rosette flowers formation Double seeds formation Damage to bolls and lint

22. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Destruction of off season cotton-sprouts and alternate host plants or plant debris
• After last picking, grazing of sheeps and goats on unwanted bolls in the fields
• Clean cultivation and destruction of alternate host plantsremoval of weeds
•
• Deep ploughing to burry affected bolls after harvesting by the end of februrary
• Use of Cotton resistant varieties
• Use of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis and larval parasitoids, apanteles sp,
bracon sp, chelonus sp
• Use of anthocorid bugs that feeds on egg and larvae
CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Cypermethrin (Ripcord 10 EC), 200-250 ml/acre
• Cypermethrin+ profenofos (polytrin-C 440 EC), 600 ml/acre
• Lambda-cyhalothrin (karate 2.5 EC), 330 ml/acre
• Spinosad (Tracer 240 SC), 80 ml/acre
• Indoxacarb (Steward 150 SC) 175 ml/acre
• Thiodicarb (larvin 80 DF), 400 g/acre
• Bifenthrin (Talstar 10 EC) 200-250 ml/acre

23. 3-American bollworm
S.N: Helicoverpa armigera
Family: Noctudae
Order: Lepidoptera
Status: Major pest in all cotton-growing region of Pakistan
Distribution : India, Pakistan, Africa, Australia, Asia.
Host range: Cotton, Sorghum, soybean, peas, sunflower, safflower, chillies,
groundnut, tobacco, bhendi, maize, tomato.
Adult Identification:
CHEWING INSECT PESTS OF COTTON

24. • Yellowish brown, kidney shaped
structure
• winged,
• 22-40 mm in size across wing
• 4-25 days • White, Ribboned and
dome shaped
• N°: 600-1500 Egg
• Hatching: 2-6 days
Dark brown, 8-15 days,
in soil
• Colour: variations
• Up to 8 larval instars
• Active period: March- November
LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY

25. Helicoverpa sp: (a,b) the two colour forms of the adult; (c) bud attacked by
young bollworm; (d) infested cotton boll; (e) fully grown caterpillar; (f) pupa
MODE OF DAMAGE
The Larvae/caterpillars feed on
• leaves, squares, flowers and small bolls.
• they feed the internal content
completely by thrusting their head inside leaving
the rest of the body outside.
• The damaged squares and young bolls
drop away from the plants.
• 1 larva damage/10-12 bolls
ETL: 6 eggs or larvae or both /25 plants

26. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Destruction of off season cotton-sprouts and affected bolls from fields
• Clean cultivation and destruction of alternate host plants (bhindi, moong, etc)and
removal of weeds
• Over irrigation and over fertilisation avoided
• Hand picking in early attack can suppress pest
• After last picking, grazing of sheeps and goats on unwanted bolls in the fields
•
• Deep ploughing to after last picking will expose pupae to light and birds
• Use of Bt Cotton varieties
Biological Control:
• Use of Predators/Parasitoids, local egg parasitoid, trichogramma chilonis and exotic
egg parasitoid T. Brasiliens

27. Biological Control Agents/Predators

28. Biological Control Agents/Parasitoids
• Precautions:
• The use of the synthetic pyrethroids should be discouraged/ minimized to 2-3
sprays in cotton to avoid the problem of whitefly.
• Avoid repeated spraying of synthetic pyrethroids/ Use different groups of safe
Insecticides.

29. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Cypermethrin (Ripcord 10 EC), 200-250 ml/acre
• Lufenuron (Match 50 EC), 800 ml/acre
•
• Profenofos (Curacron 500 EC), 1000 ml/acre
• abamectin (Vital 1.8 EC), 400 ml/acre
• Cypermethrin+ profenofos (polytrin-C 440 EC), 600 ml/acre
• Lambda-cyhalothrin (karate 2.5 EC), 330 ml/acre
• Spinosad (Tracer 240 SC), 80 ml/acre
• Indoxacarb (Steward 150 SC) 175 ml/acre
• Thiodicarb (larvin 80 DF), 400 g/acre
• Bifenthrin (Talstar 10 EC) 200-250 ml/acre
• The use of the synthetic pyrethroids should be discouraged, use of safe insecticides
should be applied.
• Avoid repeated spraying of synthetic pyrethroids.

30. 4-Armyworm
S.N: Spodoptera litura
Family: Noctudae
Order: Lepidoptera
Status: It is a regular pest and has potential to be a serious pest.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pacific Islands, China, Pakistan,
Korea and Japan.
Host range: Groundnut, citrus, soybean, cotton, tobacco, castor, pulses, millets,
safflower, banana, cabbage, tomato, sweet potato, bhendi, chillies, etc.
Adult Identification:
CHEWING INSECT PESTS OF COTTON
• Pale brown, beautiful greyish
brown pattern
• winged,
• 22-40 mm in size
• 2-15 days

31. Armyworm
LIFE CYCLE
30--60 days
ADULT
EGG
Larvae
PUPAE (soil)
7-15 days
• Pale brown, beautiful greyish
brown pattern
• winged,
• 22-40 mm in size
• 2-15 days
• Colour: creamy white
• N°: 300 Egg
• Hatching: 3-5 days
• 6 instars
• 15-30 days
• 17-81 days (Oct-March)
ETL: when attacked is seen
LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY

32. Armyworm (Spodoptera sp: (a) adult; (b) egg mass covered with woolly felt; (c) eggs; damage
by older caterpillars; (f) fully grown caterpillar.
MODE OF DAMAGE
The caterpillars feed on
• leaves, flowers and remains leaf skeleton that dry
up and falls

33. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Clean cultivation and destruction of alternate host plants (bhindi, moong, etc)and
removal of weeds (itsits, jantar etc)
• Hand picking of egg mass and larvae is most effective way
• After last picking, grazing of sheeps and goats on unwanted bolls in the fields
• Use of light traps etc
•
• Deep ploughing to after last picking will expose pupae to light and birds
• Use of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis and larval parasitoids, apanteles sp,
bracon sp, chelonus sp

34. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Lufenuron (Match 50 EC), 800 ml/acre
•
• Profenofos (Curacron 500 EC), 1000 ml/acre
• Methomyl (lannate 40 SP ), 500 g/acre
• Lambda-cyhalothrin (karate 2.5 EC), 330 ml/acre
• Spinosad (Tracer 240 SC), 80 ml/acre
• Indoxacarb (Steward 150 SC) 175 ml/acre
• Thiodicarb (larvin 80 DF), 400 g/acre
• The use of the synthetic pyrethroids should be discouraged, use of safe insecticides should be
applied.
• Avoid repeated spraying of synthetic pyrethroids.

35. 1- Top borer of sugar cane
S.N: Scirpophaga niveilla
Family: Pyralidae
Order: Lepidoptera
Status : Most destructive pest of sugarcane
Distribution : India, Pakistan, China, Formosa, Japan, Philippines, Thailand,
Bangladesh, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma and Taiwan
Host range: Millets and other grasses
Adult Identification
INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum)
• pure white, female with redish brown anal hair tuft
• winged,
• 25-40 mm in size
• 4-5 days

36. top borer of sugarcane
LIFE CYCLE
ADULT
EGG
Larvae
PUPAE (brownish, 7-10 days)
• pure white,
• winged,
• 25-40 mm in size
• 4-5 days
• oval, covered
• N°: 300 Egg
• Hatching: 3-5 days
• Creamy white (last generation over wintering in top portion)
• 28-35 days
• Active period: March- November
LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY

37. MODE OF DAMAGE
• Bunchy top
• Dead heart
• Feeding on soft top
portion
Caterpilar feeds on top portion, different broods attack
• Redish streak on midrib
• Short holes on leaves
• Dead heart (drying of central shoot)
• Bunchy top
• Reduced 15-25 % weight loss
• Quantity and juice quality is effected
• Redish streak on midrib,
• Short holes on leaves
• ETL: 15 % damage/ Dead heart

38. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Removal of sugarcane tops/dead hearts during dec –Feb. And fed to catles
• Attacked shoots must be cut at ground level and use of sharp spike for killing
• Use of light traps/Pheramones traps and adult moth and larvae destruction
• Use of resistant varieties
• Use of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis and larval and pupal parasitoids,
Isotima sp.
CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Carbofuran (Furadon/Sunfuran/Curator 3G), 10-15 Kg/acre
• Diazinon (Basodin 10G), 10Kg/acre
• Cartap (padan 4G), 13-15 Kg/acre

39. 2- Stem borer of sugar cane
S.N: Chilo infuscatelus
Family: Pyralidae
Order: Lepidoptera
Status: Serious pest of sugarcane
Distribution and status: India, Pakistan, China, Formosa, Japan, Philippines, Thailand,
Bangladesh, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma and Taiwan
Host range: Maize, Bajra, Millets and other grasses
Adult Identification
INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum)
• Brown pale yellow,
• winged,
• 25-40 mm in size
• 2-4 days

40. stem borer of sugarcane
LIFE CYCLE
(5-6 weeks)
ADULT
EGG
Larvae
PUPAE (brownish, canes chamber, 7-12
days)
• Brown pale yellow,
• winged,
• 25-40 mm in size
• 2-4 days
• oval, covered
• N°: 300-450 Egg
• Hatching: 5-7 days
• dirty white (5 longitudinal stripes on body)
• 28-35 days
• Active period: March- November
LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY

41. MODE OF DAMAGE
Frass bore hole dead heart short internode
Caterpilar feeds and destroy 20% shoots annually
• Bore into shoots and feeds there
• Cut off growing central points (dead heart)
• Reduced yeild, sugar contents
• Quantity and juice quality is effected
• ETL: 15 % damage/ Dead heart

42. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Removal of sugarcane tops/dead hearts during dec –Feb. And fed to catles
• Early sowing ie before middle of March
• Plough stubles during Nov-Feb. When larvae is hybernating
• Attacked shoots must be cut at ground level and use of sharp spike for killing
• Use of light traps/Pheramones traps and adult moth and larvae destruction
• Use of resistant varieties
• Use of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis and larval(apantles sp) and pupal
parasitoids (Isotima sp)
CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Carbofuran (Furadon/Sunfuran/Curator 3G), 10-15 Kg/acre
• Diazinon (Basodin 10G), 10Kg/acre
• Cartap (padan 4G), 13-15 Kg/acre

43. 1- Root borer of Sugarcane
S.N: Emalocera depressela
Family: Pyralidae
Order: Lepidoptera
Status: Pest of sugarcane
Distribution and status: India, Pakistan, mostly barani areas,
Host range: besides sugarcane, sarkanda, baru and other grasses
Adult Identification
INSECT PESTS OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum)

44. stem borer of sugarcane
LIFE CYCLE
ADULT
EGG
Larvae
PUPAE (yellow brownish, canes 10-18
days)
• Brown pale yellow,
• winged,
• 30- 35 mm in size
• 5-7days
• oval, covered
• N°: 300-350 Egg
• Hatching: 5-7 days
• Creamy white, wrinked body with transverse groove
• Over winter in stubles of sugar cane
• 45-50 days
LIFE CYCLE/ HISTORY/BIOLOGY
• ETL: 15 % damage/ Dead heart

45. MODE OF DAMAGE
Larvae feeding on uderground
parts/roots
Larvae feeding on roots
Dead heart

46. CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
NON CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Removal of sugarcane tops/dead hearts during dec –Feb. And fed to catles
• Early sowing ie before middle of March
• Plough stubles during Nov-Feb. When larvae is hybernating
• Ratoon cropping should be avoided
•
• Attacked shoots must be cut at ground level and use of sharp spike for killing
• Use of light traps/Pheramones traps and adult moth and larvae destruction
• Use of resistant varieties
• Use of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis and larval(apantles sp) and pupal
parasitoids (Isotima sp)
CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Carbofuran (Furadon/Sunfuran/Curator 3G), 10-15 Kg/acre
• Diazinon (Basodin 10G), 10Kg/acre
• Cartap (padan 4G), 13-15 Kg/acre

47. Sugarcane Leafhopper
S.C: Pyrilla perpusilla
Family: Lophopidae
Order: Homoptera
Status: most destructive pest of sugarcane
Distribution: Pakistan, india etc
Food plants: Rice, sugar cane, maize, wheat, sorghum, barley and wild grasses
Identification of the pest
Nymph - soft, pale brown dorsally and pale orange ventrally with
two characteristic anal filaments
Adult - Straw coloured, head pointing forward as a snout
Nymph with 2 anal filaments

48. LIFE HISTORY/BIOLOGY
S.C pyrilla
LIFE CYCLE
ADULT
EGG
NYMPH
• Straw coloured,
• winged,
• 20 mm in size
• 3 months (5- 7 weeks)
• Oval pale white
• 300-536 Egg
• 8-10 days hatching
• Greyish brown with 2 Feather like filaments
• 5 instars
• 56 days
• Active period: breeds throughout
the year but March- November is
active period

49. Symptoms of damage
Both adult and nymph suck sap
• Leaves become yellow
•Covered with black sooty mould
• Top leaves get dried up
•Little sugar is obtained
• Gur formation reduced due to soggy
appearance
•
•35% yield reduction
ETL: 3-5 nymph or adult/plant

50. Management
• Destruction of eggs, nymph and adults by net collection
• Use of egg parasitoid, epipyrobe sp
• Use of Lady bird beetle for egg and nymph control
• Use of white White muscardine fungus
Spraying any one the following insecticides:
• Carbosulfan (advantage 20 EC), 500 ml/acre
• Carbofuran 3% 3G 33.3kg/ha
• Deltamethrin (Decis 2.5 EC), 250-300 ml/acre

51. Biological Control Agents/Predators

52. Biological Control Agents/Parasitoids
• Precautions:
• The use of the synthetic pyrethroids should be discouraged/ minimized to 2-3
sprays in cotton to avoid the problem of whitefly.
• Avoid repeated spraying of synthetic pyrethroids/ Use different groups of
Insecticides.

53. END

54. Stem borer of sugar cane : Chilo sacchariphagus
indicus