The document provides an overview of the axial skeleton through detailed images and labels of bones. It includes sections on the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs. Over 50 images show the bones from multiple angles and perspectives with corresponding labels to highlight key features like foramina, processes, and articulation sites. The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and includes the bones of the head, neck, back, and chest.

1. Axial
Skeleton
Visual Atlas
Anatomy &
Physiology I
BIOL 121
Rob Swatski
Assistant Professor of Biology
HACC – York Campus

2. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skeleton_anterior.svg
The Axial Skeleton
2

3. Skull.
Anterior view3

4. Frontal
bone
Supraorbital
foramen
Supraorbital
margin
Infraorbital
foramen
Superior orbital
fissure
Zygomatic
bone
Maxilla
Alveolar process
Nasal bone
Middle nasal
concha
Perpendicular
plate
Inferior nasal
concha
Vomer
Mandible
Mental foramen
Skull.
Anterior view4

5. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_human_anterior_view.svg
Skull.
Anterior view 5

6. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_human_anterior_view.svg
Coronal suture
Squamous suture
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Supraorbital foramen
Supraorbital margin
Orbit
Infraorbital foramen
Skull.
Anterior view
6

7. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_human_anterior_view.svg
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
Alveolar process
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone
Skull.
Anterior view
7

8. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_human_anterior_view.svg
Vomer
Inferior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Perpendicular plate
Nasal bone
Mandible
Mental foramen
Skull.
Anterior view
8

9. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Head_skull_anterior_view.jpg
Skull.
Anterior view
9

10. Skull.
Anterior view
10

11. Nasal bone
Middle nasal
concha
Inferior nasal
concha
Perpendicular
plate
Vomer
Maxilla
Sphenoid
bone
Zygomatic
bone
Frontal bone
Inferior orbital
fissure
Superior orbital
fissure
Skull.
Anterior view Lacrimal
bone
11

12. Skull &
hyoid.
Right
anterolateral
view 12

13. Greater horn
(cornu)
Lesser horn (cornu) Body of hyoid
Optic
foramen
Coronal
suture
Squamous
suture
Temporal
squama
Skull &
hyoid.
Right
anterolateral
view
13

14. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_human_and_cervical_spine.svg
Skull.
Left lateral view
14

15. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_human_and_cervical_spine.svg
Coronal suture
Squamous
suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoid
suture
Frontal bone
Mastoid
process
Mastoid
portionStyloid
process
Lacrimal
bone
Lacrimal
fossa
Occipital
bone
Skull.
Left lateral view
Parietal
bone
15

16. External
auditory
meatus
Zygomatic
process
Mandible
Temporal
process
Alveolar
process
Temporal
bone
Temporal
squama
Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_human_and_cervical_spine.svg
Ethmoid
bone
Skull.
Left lateral view
Sphenoid
bone
16

17. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_skull_lateral_view.jpg
Skull.
Left lateral view
17

18. Skull.
Left
lateral
view
18

19. Mandibular
notch
Mental
foramen
Body Angle
Condylar
process
Coronoid
process
Ramus
Articular
tubercle
Mandibular
fossa
Skull.
Left
lateral
view
19

20. Coronal
suture
Sagittal
suture
Frontal
bone
Parietal
bone
Skull.
Superior
view
Anterior
Posterior 20

21. Mastoid
process
Sagittal
suture
Lambdoid
suture
External occipital
protuberance
Occipital
bone
Parietal
bone
Superior nuchal line
Inferior nuchal line
Skull.
Posterior
view
21

22. Skull.
Posterior view
22

23. Superior
nuchal line
Inferior
nuchal line
External occipital
protuberance
Lambdoid suture
Sagittal suture
Skull.
Posterior view
Parietal
bone
Occipital
bone
23

24. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_interior_anatomy.svg
Skull.
Superior view of
floor of cranium
24

25. Patrick J. Lynch, 23 Dec 2006, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_interior_anatomy.svg
Foramen magnum
Internal auditory
meatus
Jugular foramen
Foramen
lacerum
Superior
orbital fissure Foramen
rotundum
Foramen
ovale
Optic foramen
Foramen
spinosum
Ethmoid
bone
Skull.
Superior view of
floor of cranium
25

26. Skull.
Superior view of
floor of cranium26

27. Skull.
Superior view of
floor of cranium
27

28. Petrous portion
Internal
auditory
meatus
Superior
orbital fissure
Jugular foramen
Optic foramen
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Foramen
ovale
Foramen
rotundum
Foramen
spinosum
Skull.
Superior view of
floor of cranium
Anterior
Posterior 28

29. Skull.
Superior view of
sphenoid bone
Anterior
Posterior 29

30. Sella turcica
Tuberculum sellae
Hypophyseal fossa
Dorsum sellae
Lesser wing
Greater wing
Optic foramen
Foramen
rotundum
Foramen
ovale
Foramen
spinosum
Ethmoid bone Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Skull.
Superior view of
sphenoid bone
Anterior
Posterior
30

31. Optic foramen
Lesser wing
Greater
wing
Tuberculum sellae
Dorsum
sellae
Superior orbital
fissure
Foramen
rotundum
Foramen
ovale
Foramen
spinosum
Sphenoid bone.
Superior view
Anterior
Posterior
31

32. Perpendicular
plate
Superior
nasal
conchae
Crista
galli
Middle
nasal
conchae
Ethmoid bone.
Anterior view Posterior view
32

33. Crista
galli
Cribriform
plate
Superior view Lateral view
Anterior
Posterior
Anterior Posterior
Ethmoid bone.
33

34. Skull.
Inferior-posterior view
34

35. External occipital
protuberance
Pterygoid process
Palatine bone
(Horizontal plate)
Palatine process
Incisive foramenSkull.
Inferior-posterior view
Styloid process
Mastoid process
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Zygomatic
bone
35

36. Skull.
Inferior view
Anterior
Posterior 36

37. Palatine
process
Palatine Bone
(Horizontal plate)
Incisive
foramen
Zygomatic
arch
Zygomatic
process
Temporal
process
Skull.
Inferior view
Anterior
Posterior 37

38. Skull.
Inferior view
Anterior
Posterior38

39. Foramen
magnumOccipital
condyle
Carotid
foramen
Jugular
foramen
Foramen
lacerum
Foramen
ovale
Foramen
spinosum
Styloid
process
Mastoid
process
Skull.
Inferior view
Anterior
Posterior39

40. Coronoid
process
Condylar
process
Ramus
Body of
mandible
Mental
foramen
Alveolar
process
Mandibular
notch
Angle
Mandible.
Left lateral view
40

41. Mandibular
foramen
Coronoid
process
Condylar
process
Mandible.
Posterior view41

42. Anterior
(Frontal)
fontanel
Fetal skull.
Anterior view 42

43. Anterior (Frontal)
fontanel
Anterolateral
(Sphenoidal)
fontanel
Posterolateral
(Mastoid)
fontanel
Fetal skull.
Right lateral view 43

44. Posterior
(Occipital)
fontanel
Fetal
skull.
Posterior
view
44

45. Greater horn
(cornu)
Lesser horn
(cornu)
Body of
hyoid
Hyoid bone.
Anterior view45

46. Vertebral
Column
46

47. Superior
articular
facet
Transverse
process
Transverse
foramen
Atlas (C1).
Superior view Posterior
arch
Vertebral
foramen
Anterior Arch
47

48. Superior
articular
facet
Dens
(Odontoid
process)
Spinous process
(Spine)
Transverse
processes
Atlas (C1)
Axis (C2)
Inferior
articular
process
Posterior
arch
Anterior arch
Atlas & Axis.
Superior-posterior view48

49. Superior
articular
process
Transverse
process
Spinous process
(Spine)
Axis (C2)
Atlas (C1)
Dens
Inferior
articular
processes
Superior
articular
process
Posterior arch
Atlas & Axis.
Posterior view49

50. Transverse
processes
Spinous process
(Spine)
Superior
articular
process
Anterior arch
Posterior arch
Inferior
articular
processes
Inferior articular facet
Atlas & Axis.
Right lateral view
50

51. Superior
articular
process
Transverse
process
Spinous process
(Spine)
Thoracic vertebra.
Posterior view51

52. Superior
articular
process
Transverse
process
Spinous process
(Spine)
Vertebral
foramen
Lamina
Body
Thoracic
vertebra.
Superior-posterior
view
52

53. Superior articular
process
Transverse
process
Spinous process
(Spine)
Body
Superior articular
facet
Pedicle
Thoracic vertebra.
Left lateral view 53

54. Superior
articular
process
Transverse
process
Spinous process
(Spine)
Body
Superior
articular
facet Pedicle
Lumbar vertebra.
Posterior view54

55. Spinous process
(Spine)
Transverse
process
Superior
articular
process
Inferior articular
process
Body
Pedicle
Lumbar vertebra.
Right lateral view
55

56. Sacrum
Coccyx
Sacrum & Coccyx.
Anterior view56

57. Manubrium
Body of sternum
Xiphoid process
Sternum.
Anterior view57

58. Costal groove
Rib (Costal bone).
Lateral view
HeadNeckBody
58

59. cCredits c
Photographs and labels by Rob Swatski, 2009-2010
http://robswatskibiology.wetpaint.com
This work bears an Attribution-Noncommercial Share Alike
Creative Commons license.
Visit my website for more Anatomy study resources!
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rswatski
59
Please send your comments and feedback to: rjswatsk@hacc.edu