Biology students will benefit from this

1. WARM UP:
Look over the images below and create a list of similarities and differences that you
find. YOU MUST HAVE ATLEAST THREE OF EACH.

2. WARM UP:
SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES

3. DNA vs. RNA
STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION

4. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Genes
Segments of
DNA
Portions of DNA are
called genes.
DNA is tightly wound
into chromosomes
and located in the
nucleus of cells.
DNA cannot leave
the nucleus.
DNA is DOUBLE
STRANDED(2 sides)

5. RIBONUCLEIC ACID
RNA is SINGLE STRANDED and
does not have to stay in the
nucleus!
RNA is not found in chromosomes
because it does not carry the
genetic code, however it can read
the DNA code and take the
information out of the nucleus.
RNA’s main job is to build
proteins!

6. DNA STRUCTURE
 The building blocks of DNA are
called Nucleotides.
 One nucleotide is made of 3
important things:
1. 5-Carbon Sugar Deoxyribose
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogen base
there are 4 nitrogen bases in
DNA: Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, and Thymine that
pair together)
A  T C G

7. RNA STRUCTURE
 The building blocks of RNA are
Nucleotides, just like DNA.
 A Nucleotide in RNA is still made of 3
important things:
1. 6-Carbon Sugar - Ribose (instead
of Deoxyribose)
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogen base
there are 4 nitrogen bases in RNA,
A,G,C, and U that pair together)
A  U C G

8. DNA RNA

9. Both DNA and RNA:
a. are single stranded
b. contain the same four nitrogenous
bases
c. have the same five carbon sugars
d. contain phosphate groups

12. THREE MAIN TYPES OF RNA
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) - Carries copies of instructions
for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from
DNA to the rest of the cell (serve as “messenger”)

13. THREE MAIN TYPES OF RNA
2.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – Makes up the major part of
ribosomes, which is where proteins are made.
Ribosomal
RNA

14. THREE MAIN TYPES OF RNA
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) - Transfers amino acids to
ribosomes during protein synthesis

15. PROTEINS
 Proteins are made up of a chain of amino acids.
 Proteins are enzymes, which catalyze and regulate
chemical reactions.

16. 2 STEPS TO MAKE A PROTEIN
1. Transcription
 DNA → RNA
2. Translation
 RNA → Protein (Chain of
amino acids)

17.  When transcription needs to take place, DNA must
provide the code in order to create an mRNA
strand.
 mRNA will be able to leave the nucleus and now it
has the code transcribed inside it’s base pairs!
 Practice:
DNA strand: TTA ACG GGT CTA
Matching DNA strand: AAT TGC CCA GAT
mRNA: UUA ACG GGU CUA

18. A segment of DNA has one strand
with the following sequence of bases:
AGC GCA TAG CAA
The complimentary strand of RNA
would be
a. UCG CGU AUC GUU
b. TCG CGT ATC GTT
c. AGC GCA UAG CAA
d. CTA TAC GCT ACC

19. MINI
QUIZ with
answers

20. 6A BO
1.

21. 6A
BIO
11/06
2.

22. 6A
BIO
10/06
3.

23. 6A BIO
10-04
TTAGCG
AATCGC
4.

24. 6B
BIO
5.

25. 6A
BIO
11/04
6.

26. 6B
BIO
D
11/06
7. Which of the following must take place before mRNA
can be formed from the DNA strand inside the
nucleus?

27. 6A
BIO
8. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The nitrogen bases that make up the DNA nucleotides of
plants are much different than the bases found in
animals.
B. The more closely related two organisms are, the more
alike the order of their DNA nucleotides will be.
C. Changes in genes do not effect any of the traits in an
individual.
D. A given sequence of bases can result in a number of
different amino acids.

28. MINI
QUIZ EXIT
TICKET

29. 6A BO
1.

30. 6A
BIO
11/06
2.

31. 6A
BIO
10/06
3.

32. 6A BIO
10-04
4.

33. 6B
BIO
5.

34. 6A
BIO
11/04
6.

35. 6B
BIO
D
11/06
7. Which of the following must take place before mRNA
can be formed from the DNA strand inside the
nucleus?

36. 6A
BIO
8. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The nitrogen bases that make up the DNA nucleotides of
plants are much different than the bases found in
animals.
B. The more closely related two organisms are, the more
alike the order of their DNA nucleotides will be.
C. Changes in genes do not effect any of the traits in an
individual.
D. A given sequence of bases can result in a number of
different amino acids.