Rocks and Minerals

1. Earth and Life
Science

2. Prayer

3. What are the subsystems
of the Earth?

4. • Identify common rock-forming minerals using
their physical and chemical properties.
• Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic
• Identify the minerals’importance to society and;
• Describe how ore are found, mined and processed
for human use

5. Directions. Imagine our planet
without land, air, rocks minerals
and water.

6. Questions to ponder:
a. What will happen to us humans?
b. How important is land to us?
c. How important are minerals and
rocks?

7. Geology
This science is concerned with the changes
of the Earth over time. It deals with the
Earth’s physical structure and substance,
it’s history, and the processes that act on it.
Geologists are scientists that studies the
history of the planet we live on.

8. What are Minerals?
Minerals are the building blocks
of rocks. Mineralogists use the
criteria to determine whether a
material is classified as a mineral
or not.

10. These are the ten minerals identified by
Friedrich Mohs. But this are only a few
of the 4000 naturally occurring
minerals identified in our planet. Each
year about 60-80 minerals are
discovered.

11. Characteristics of Minerals
1. Naturally occurring- term which
identifies mineral as part of
earth’s natural processes.
2. Inorganic- means a substance is
not a product of an organism.

12. 3. Homogeneous solid- minerals
should have definite volume and rigid
shape
4. Definite chemical composition—
represented by a chemical formula

13. 5. Orderly crystalline structure- atoms
of minerals are arranged in an orderly
and repeating pattern

15. Properties of Minerals
To identify minerals, mineralogists
observe the following properties:
a. Color - mineral’s color may change
depending on the surface.
b. Streak - color of mineral in
powdered form.

16. c. Hardness - minerals resistance to
scratching
Friedrich Mohs- a German minerologist
developed the scale in 1812.

18. d. Cleavage - mineral’s resistance
to being broken and fracture
e. Crystalline structure or habit

19. f. Diaphaneity/amount of transparency -
ability to allow light to pass through it. This
is affected by chemical makeup of the
mineral sample.
g. Luster - how light is reflected off a
surface

20. h. Tenacity- describes the minerals
reaction to stress.
Brittleness- a mineral turns into
powder
Malleability a mineral can be flattened
by pounding with a hammer.
Ductility- A mineral can be stretched
into wire.

21. Flexible but inelastic- Minerals are
bent but they remain in the new position.
Flexible and elastic- Minerals are
bent, and they bring back to their original
position.
Sectility- ability of minerals to be
sliced by a knife.

22. What are Rocks?
A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or
more minerals.
-held together by chemical bonds
-has different in color, texture, and sizes
-has three categories based on how the rocks form:
igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rock.
Petrology is the scientific study of rocks. Petrologists
classify rocks based on how they were formed.

24. Let’s Apply!
Directions. List down some of the uses of
minerals around us.
Minerals Uses
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

25. Compare Me!
Directions. Using a Venn Diagram, determine the
similarities and differences of the three types of
rocks.
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

26. Present Your Work

27. What are your realizations for the day?

28. Let us assess what you learned
Directions. Read the following statement and identify the
correctanswer.