industrial arts

1. *Steam cars
*If one defines a car as a ‘self-propelled road vehicle capable
of human transport’, then the first car was invented in
France on 1769 By Nicolas-joseph Cugnot. This vehicle had
only three wheels and was powered by a steam engine. The
steam engine and boiler were separated from the rest of the
vehicle and placed in the front. The vehicle had to stop
every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power. The
maximum speed was 4km/h and the steam engines

2. added a lot of weight to the vehicle and thus, were not well
suited for road vehicles.

4. *The Diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or
CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal
combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel, which is
injected into the combustion chamber, is caused by the
elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to the
mechanical compression . Diesel engines work by
compressing only the air.
The characteristics of a Diesel engine are:
*Compression ignition: Due to almost adiabatic compression,
the fuel ignites without any ignition-initiating apparatus
such as spark plugs.
*Mixture formation inside the combustion chamber: Air and
fuel are mixed in the combustion chamber and not in the
inlet manifold.

5. *Engine speed adjustment solely by mixture quality: Instead
of throttling the air-fuel mixture, the amount of torque
produced (resulting in crankshaft rotational speed
differences) is set solely by the mass of injected fuel, always
mixed with as much air as possible.

7. *A PETROL ENGINE (known as a GASOLINE ENGINE
in American English) is an internal combustion
engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol
(gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.
The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in
Germany by NIKOLAUS AUGUST OTTO
*

8. *THE ENGINE is the vehicle's main source of
power. The engine uses fuel and burns it to
produce mechanical power. The heat
produced by the combustion is used to
create pressure which is then used to drive
a mechanical device.
*When your car needs fuel, you “feed" it gasoline. Just
like your body converts food into energy, a car engine
converts gas into motion. Some newer cars, known as
hybrids, also use electricity from batteries to help
propel a vehicle. The process of converting gasoline into
motion is called "internal combustion. “An engine is a
device which converts heat energy of fuel into
mechanical energy. The engine is a basic device of
automobiles it is widely used in automobile industries.
A motor fuel is a fuel that is used to provide power to

9. motor vehicles. Currently, the majority of motor vehicles
worldwide are powered by gasoline and diesel. The
process of powering the engine is called the combustion
cycle. In most cases, the cycle has four steps or
'strokes' (hence the name four-stroke engine).
These include INTAKE, COMPRESSION,
COMBUSTION(POWER), AND EXHAUST.
*Basically the engines are of two types, and
these are external combustion engines and
internal combustion engines.

11. *DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIESEL ENGINE AND
GASOLINE ENGINE.
1. The type of fuel use.
2. The way the fuel gets into the cylinders.
3. The way the fuel is ignited.