2. -is made up of ductless
(without tubes) glands which
produce and release chemicals
called hormones directly into
the bloodstream.
3. -is a chemical released by a
cell or a gland in one part of the
body that sends out messages
that affect cells in other parts
of the organism.
4.
5.
6. -is a portion of the brain that contains a
number of small nuclei with a variety of
functions.
-It controls body
temperature, hunger,
thirst, fatigue, sleep
and circadian cycles.
7.
8. -is considered as the most important of the
endocrine glands because it controls the
activities of other endocrine
glands as well as other
body processes.
-It produces the growth hormone
which stimulates cell
division and the growth
of muscles and bones.
9.
10. -is an outgrowth of the brain.
-It produces melatonin, a hormone that
regulates the body’s day-
night cycles.
-During the day, when more
of this hormone is produced, the body is
active. At night, when less
of the hormone is produced,
the body feels drowsy.
11.
12. -located at the base of the neck. It produces
thyroxine that controls the
rate at which the body cells
use food to release energy.
-It also produces calcitonin,
which reduces blood
calcium levels by causing
calcium to be deposited in
bones.
13.
14. -are two pairs of pea-sized glands found near the
thyroid. The hormone produced by these glands
helps control the level of calcium in the blood. If
calcium level is low, the glands increase
their hormone production
which causes the bones to
release more calcium blood.
If the calcium level is too high,
the glands lessen their
production of the hormone.
15.
16. -is located in the upper thorax behind the breast
bone and extends below the thyroid gland. The
thymus large in infants and children but smaller in
adults. The function of this gland is to
cause lymphocytes (white
blood cells) to become T
-cells -the cells which
become part of the body’s
defense against infection.
17.
18. -has two parts-the cortex and the medulla. The
cortex produces hormones that is affect the body
metabolism. The hormones produced by the
adrenals prepare the body
for stress. For example, the
hormone epinephrine (or
adrenaline) increases pulse
rate and rate of breathing; also
speeds up the conversion of
food into energy.
19.
20. -Scattered throughout the pancreas are tiny
glandular tissues called pancreatic islets (or
islets of Langerhans) that produce the
hormones glucagon and insulin.
Insulin lowers blood sugar level
while glucagon raises blood
sugar level. So, the hormones
in the pancreatic islets regulate
the sugar level of the blood.
21.
22.
23. -They produce androgens (such as
testosterone), the hormones which
cause the development
of secondary
sex characteristics.
24. -The ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone.
Estrogens stimulate the development of secondary
female sex characteristics as well as the growth of
the inner lining of the uterus in
preparation for implantation
and development of a
fertilized egg. In support of
this reproductive function, the
hormone progesterone also
promotes growth of the uterine lining.
