2. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was born in Amsterdam to
parents who had fled from the Spanish Inquisition and
sought refuge in the Netherlands. His study of Descartes
and Hobbes led his philosophical views away from
orthodox Jewish philosophy; subsequently, he was
excommunicated from the Jewish community. he
skillfully crafted optical lenses for a living while
dedicating his life to render clearly his philosophy.
3. Spinoza think that the mind is not at all times equally
fit for thinking on a given subject, but according as
the body is more or less fitted for being stimulated
by the image of this or that object.
4. Spinoza argues for a distinct conception of the
human mind in Part Two of The Ethics. He says the
following
Source :https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_Baruch_Spinoza
5. Spinoza's view of the emotions is that he
takes the emotions to be cognitive in some
important respect.
Source :https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_Baruch_Spinoza
6. In the Mind there is no absolute, or free, will, but the Mind
is determined to will this or that by a cause which is also
determined by another, and this again by another
Spinoza argues, we still ought to strive to understand the
world around us, and in doing so, gain a greater degree of
power, which will allow us to be more active than passive,
and there is a sense in which this is a kind of freedom.
Source :https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_Baruch_Spinoza
7. I think that the world would be much happier, if men
were as fully able to keep silence as they are to
speak. Experience abundantly shows that men can
govern anything more easily than their tongues
8. that we are only free in respect to objects
which we moderately desire, because our
desire for such can easily be controlled by
the thought of something else frequently
remembered.
9. For Example :
This an infant believes that of its own free will it
desires milk
An angry teens believes that it freely desires to run to
the police
A man believes that he utters from the free decision
of his mind words, cant control his mind and tongue
10. We cannot act by the decision of the mind, unless
we have a remembrance of having done so. For
instance, we cannot say a word without
remembering that we have done so.
Therefore the freedom of the mind must in any case
be limited to the power of uttering or not uttering
something which it remembers.
11. Wherefore these decisions of the mind arise in the
mind by the same necessity, as the ideas of things
actually existing. Therefore those who believe, that
they speak or keep silence or act in any way from
the free decision of their mind