What are quality parameters and what is their usefulness? They are criteria used to measure success in relation to a set of goals that have to do with production performance, efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction

1. Submitted By-
Aalisha Tyagi (50319)
Archana (50337)
Shreyanshu Saha (50595)
Preetam Rawat (50662)
QUALITY PARAMETERS OF
ARTESIAN WELLS IN
PANTNAGAR
Submitted To-
Dr. H.J.S Prasad
(Professor)
Department Of Civil Engineering
College of Technology

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
Artesian wells
Location of study
2. Methodology
Discharge Measurement
Quality Parameters
3. Results
4. Conclusion

3. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1. Know about the ground water qualities of Pantnagar
region in different seasons (winters & summers)
2. Locating their positions on map using QGIS software.
The major water quality parameters analysed here were
1. Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)
2. Electrical conductivity (EC)
3. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
4. Total Hardness (TH)
5. Acidity
6. Alkalinity
7. Chloride Content

4. Location Under Study
1. Pantnagar is a town and a university campus in Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand.
2. The town is home to the First agricultural university of India which was established on17
November 1960.
Pantnagar
Fig. 1 Map of India Fig. 2 Uttarakhand State

5. Fig 3: Udham Singh Nagar
Fig 4: Pantnagar

6. Sno Wells Latitude (ºN) Longitude (ºE)
1 CRC 1 29º 01’ 37” 79º 29’ 38”
2 BENI 1 29º 01’ 16” 79º 30’ 18”
3 BENI 2 29º 01’ 11” 79º 30’ 15”
4 T-BLOCK 29º 01’ 36” 79º 30’ 24”
5 CRC 2 29º 01’ 43” 79º 29’ 58”
6 CRC 3 29º 01’ 19” 79º 29’ 07”
7 CRC 4 29º 01’ 08” 79º 29’ 13”
8 TA COLONY 29º 02’ 08” 79º 49’ 06”
PLOT OF WELLS IN QGIS:
Location Co-ordinates:

7. Fig 5: Plot of Artesian Wells in QGIS (Scale 1:11352)

8. IMAGES OF SITES UNDER STUDY
Fig 6 : BENI 1 Fig 7 : BENI 2
Latitude : 29º 01’ 16” N
Longitude : 79º 30’ 18” E
Latitude : 29º 01’ 11” N
Longitude : 79º 30’ 15” E

9. Fig 8 : T-BLOCK Fig 9 : CRC 1
Latitude : 29º 01’ 36”N
Longitude : 79º 30’ 24” E
Latitude : 29º 01’ 37” N
Longitude : 79º 29’ 38” E

10. SAMPLE COLLECTION AT
LOCATION OF STUDY
Fig 10: Collection of sample

11. WHAT ARE
ARTESIAN
WELLS?

12. ARTESIAN WELL
1. Artesian wells are wells from which water flows under natural pressure
without pumping.
2. It is dug or drilled wherever a gently dipping, permeable rock layer receives
water.
Fig 11 : Artesian Well

13. Fig 12: Artesian well mechanism

14. METHODOLOGY

15. Determination of pH
 pH is determined using pH meter

16. Result of pH
S.No. Location pH(Winter) pH(Summer)
1. CRC 1 7.826 7.64
2. BENI-1 7.913 7.82
3. BENI-2 8.325 -
4 T-BLOCK 7.666 7.56
5. CRC 2 - 7.60
6. CRC 3 - 7.69
7. CRC 4 - 7.81

17. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CRC 1 BENI 1 T BLOCK CRC 2 CRC 3 CRC 4
pH
WINTER
PERMISSIBLE LIMMIT
SUMMER

18. Total Dissolved Solids
 TDS is determined using TDS/EC meter

19. Result of TDS
S.No. Location TDS
(mg/l)(Winter)
TDS (mg/l)
(Summer)
1. CRC 1 278.8 258.55
2. BENI-1 196.8 209.15
3. BENI-2 193.35 -
4 T-BLOCK 266.8 303.5
5. CRC 2 - 281.8
6. CRC 3 - 220.3
7. CRC 4 - 212.5

20. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
CRC 1 BENI 1 T BLOCK CRC 2 CRC 3 CRC 4
Total
Dissolved
Solids
(mg/l)
WINTER
PERMISSIBLE LIMMIT
SUMMER

21. Electrical Conductivity
 TDS is determined using TDS/EC meter

22. Result of EC
S.No. Location EC (µs/cm)
(Winter)
EC (µs/cm)
(Summer)
1. CRC 1 540.85 415.875
2. BENI-1 351.5 333.5
3. BENI-2 285.53
4 T-BLOCK 398.8 482
5. CRC 2 - 450.7
6. CRC 3 - 353.6
7. CRC 4 - 344.7

23. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
CRC 1 BENI 1 T BLOCK CRC 2 CRC 3 CRC 4
E.C.
(µS/cm)
WINTER
PERMISSIBLE LIMMIT
SUMMER

24. Hardness
a) Hard waters are generally considered to be those waters that require
considerable amounts of soap to produce foam and that also produce
scale in water pipes, heaters, boilers and other units in which the
temperature of water is increased.
Eriochrome Black-T + Ca+2 /Mg+2 Eriochrome Black-T-Ca+2 /Mg+2
Eriochrome Black-T-Ca+2 /Mg+2 + EDTA EDTA- Ca+2 /Mg+2 +
Eriochrome Black-T
(Steel blue)
(wine red)

25. Formula used :
Hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3)
=
(𝐕𝐱 𝐍 𝐱 𝟓𝟎 𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆(𝒎𝑳)
where:
V = volume of titrant (mL)
N = normality of EDTA
50 = equivalent weight of CaCO3

26. Result of Hardness
S.No. Location Hardness
(mg/l)(Winter)
Hardness
(mg/l)
(Summer)
1. CRC 1 333.33 317.085
2. BENI-1 305.085 313.412
3. BENI-2 333.33
4 T-BLOCK 429.824 429.419
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
CRC 1 BENI 1 T BLOCK
Total
Hardness
(mg/l)
WINTER
PERMISSIBLE LIMMIT
SUMMER

27. Chloride Content
 To find the chloride content in sample water we
used Standard silver nitrate as titrant and titrate
the sample against it and Potassium Chromate as
indicator.
 Titrate the solution till the colour changes from
yellow to Reddish Brown

28. Formula used :
Chloride content
= (𝑨 𝒙 𝐍 𝐱 𝟑𝟓.𝟒𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆(𝒎𝑳)
Where:
A = volume of titrant (mL)
N = normality of Silver Nitrate

29. 0
100
200
300
CRC 1 BENI 1 T-BLOCK
Winter
Summer
Permissible
Results Chloride Content
S.No. Location Chloride
Content
(mg/l)(Winter)
Chloride
Content(mg/l)
(Summer)
1. CRC 1 11.50 9.862
2. BENI-1 9.862 8.658
3. BENI-2 8.729
4 T-BLOCK 17.459 14.387

30. Alkalinity
To find the alkalinity of the sample use
HCl as titrant and titrate the sample
against it using phenolphthalein and
methyl orange as indicators.
First add phenolphthalein and observe
the colour change if there is no colour
change then add methyl orange and
titrate from yellow to pink at end point

31. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 (mg /
l)=A*N*50*1000/ml of sample
Where, A= ml. of HCl used with
phenolphthalein and methyl orange

32. Results Of Alkalinity
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
CRC 1 BENI 1 T-BLOCK
Winter
Summer
Permssible
S.No. Location Alkalinity
(mg/l)(Winter)
Alkalinity
(mg/l)
(Summer)
1. CRC 1 279.38 263.79
2. BENI-1 209.23 213.78
3. BENI-2 206.18
4 T-BLOCK 288.652 296.493

33. Spatio Temporal Distribution Maps using
QGIS
SDM of TDS (Winter Season) SDM of pH (Winter Season)

34. SDM of Hardness (Winter Season) SDM of EC (Winter Season)

35. SDM of Discharge (Winter Season) SDM of pH (Summer Season)

36. SDM of EC (Summer Season) SDM of TDS (Summer Season)

37. CONCLUSION

38. LOCATION 1 : CRC-1
pH is within permissible limits less than 8.5
Total hardness more than the limit i.e. greater than 200mg/l
Electrical conductivity is more than the limit i.e. greater than 400 µS/cm
TDS is within the limits i.e. 500 mg/l
Season pH Total
hardness
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
EC
(µS/cm)
Discharge
(L/s)
Winter 7.826 333.33 278.8 540.85 4.75
Summer 7.64 317.085 258.55 415.875 3.91

39. LOCATION 2 : BENI-1
pH is within permissible limits less than 8.5
Total hardness more than the limit i.e. greater than 200mg/l
Electrical conductivity is within the limit i.e. less than 400 µS/cm
TDS is within the limits i.e. 500 mg/l
Season pH Total
hardness
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
EC
(µS/cm)
Discharge
(L/s)
Winter 7.913 305.085 196.8 351.5 8.68
Summer 7.82 313.412 209.15 333.5 7.36

40. LOCATION 3 : BENI-2
pH is within permissible limits less than 8.5 on the verge of becoming Unsatisfactory.
Total hardness more than the limit i.e. greater than 200mg/l
Electrical conductivity is within the limit i.e. less than 400 µS/cm
TDS is within the limits i.e. 500 mg/l
Ph Total
hardness
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
EC
(µS/cm)
Discharge
(L/s)
8.325 333.33 193.35 285.53 .94

41. LOCATION 4 : T-BLOCK
pH is within permissible limits less than 8.5
Total hardness more than the limit i.e. greater than 200mg/l
Electrical conductivity is within the limit i.e. less than 400 µS/cm but on the verge of becoming
unsatisfactory in Winter, but in summer it is more than the permissible limit.
TDS is within the limits i.e. 500 mg/l
Season pH Total
hardness
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
EC
(µS/cm)
Discharge
(L/s)
Winter 7.66 420.824 266.8 398.8 0.736
Summer 7.56 429.419 303.5 482 0.532

42. LOCATION 5 : CRC-2
pH is within permissible limits less than 8.5
Electrical conductivity exceeds the permissible limits i.e. greater than
400µS/cm.
TDS is within the limits i.e. 500 mg/l
Season pH Total
hardness
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
EC
(µS/cm)
Discharge
(L/s)
Summer 7.60 - 281.8 515 -

43. LOCATION 6 : CRC-3
Season pH Total
hardness
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
EC
(µS/cm)
Discharg
e (L/s)
Summer 7.69 - 220.3 353.6 -
pH is within permissible limits less than 8.5
Electrical conductivity is within the permissible limits i.e. less than
400µS/cm.
TDS is within the limits i.e. 500 mg/l

44. LOCATION 7 : CRC-4
pH is within permissible limits less than 8.5
Electrical conductivity is within the permissible limits i.e. less than 400µS/cm.
TDS is within the limits i.e. 500 mg/l
Season pH Total
hardness
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
EC
(µS/cm)
Discharg
e (L/s)
Summer 7.81 - 212.5 344.7 -

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