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1. What is a soap opera?
A soap opera a television or radio drama
serial dealing typically with daily events in
the lives of the same group of characters.
Focuses on a particular location and they
are fictional, they are split into episodes. It
is based around people and places which
occur regularly.

2. Soap Opera Codes and Conventions
• Realism and Ideology Soap Operas are generally described as being more
realistic than crime and fantasy-based dramas.
• Settings British Soaps tend to have a strong regional identity, for example, is set in
the East End of London while Manchester is the setting for Coronation Street. This helps
to make each programme more realistic by placing it in an identifiable setting.
• Characters The link between Soap characters and storylines is pivotal to the
success of the genre. Ultimately the characters serve two main purposes they are a
vehicle for the plot, and figures for the audience to relate to.
• Narrative Themes Soaps concentrate on continuous narratives that
deal with domestic themes and personal or family relationships.
• Structure and format The proper name for Soap Operas is ‘continuing
dramas’. They are called this because the episodes are not grouped into separate series,
but run week-in, week-out, all year round. Soap episodes are relatively short (most
installments run for just 30 minutes), but three or four episodes may be screened per
week, often with an omnibus edition at the weekend.

3. Soap operas history
• Soap operas in the UK began on radio and
consequently were associated with the BBC. It had
resisted soaps as antithetical to its quality image, but
began broadcasting Front Line Family in April 1941 on
its North American shortwave service to encourage
American intervention on Britain's behalf in World War
II. The BBC continues to broadcast the world's longest-
running radio soap, The Archers, which has been
running nationally since 1951. It is currently broadcast
on BBC Radio 4 and continues to attract over five
million listeners, or roughly 25% of the radio listening
population of the UK at that time of the evening.

4. How much does it cost to make a soap
opera?
• The cost of making EastEnders is in the public
domain, thanks to a recent National Audit
Office report on the BBC’s continuing dramas.
At the behest of the BBC Trust, the NAO
revealed that a year’s-worth of EastEnders
costs £29.9 million. At 212 episodes, that
works out at £141,000 per episode — or 3.5p
per viewer hour.

5. What is a documentary?
A documentary is using pictures or interviews
with people involved in real events to provide a
factual report on a particular subject. A
documentary is non fiction. A documentary is
informative and it portrays real life events. It is
factual.

6. Documentary codes and conventions
• Voiceover The voiceover will usually be authoritative in some way, encouraging the audience to
think that they either have some kind of specialist knowledge.
• Real footage of events a convention of documentary is that all events presented to us are to
be seen as ‘real’ by the audience.
• Technicality of realism Natural sound and lighting.
• Archive footage/stills to aid authenticity and to add further information which the film maker
may be unable to obtain themselves.
• Interviews with experts Used to authenticate the views expressed in the
documentary. Sometimes, they will disagree with the message of the documentary,
although the film maker will usually disprove them in some way.
• Use of text/titles the use of words on screen to anchor images in time and
space.
• Sound sound adds effect to the documentary for example the use of childish
music in the documentary supersize me is used to undermine McDonalds.
• Set-Ups Reconstructions of events that happened in the past.

7. History of Documentaries
• Early film (pre-1900) was dominated by the novelty of showing an
event. They were single-shot moments captured on film: a train
entering a station, a boat docking, or factory workers leaving work.
These short films were called "actuality" films; the term
"documentary" was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films,
such as those made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute
or less in length, due to technological limitations.
• Films showing many people (for example, leaving a factory) were
often made for commercial reasons: the people being filmed were
eager to see, for payment, the film showing them. One notable film
clocked in at over an hour and a half, The Corbett-Fitzsimmons
Fight. Using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector
presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema
screens across the United States.

8. How much does it cost to make a
documentary?
• The average documentary makes about
$2,000 in profit. The Oprah Winfrey Network
is reported to pay between $80,000 and
$150,000 for US rights for features that are
acquired for the Oprah Winfrey Documentary
Club.

9. What is an advert?
A notice or announcement in a public medium
promoting a product, service, or event or
publicizing a job vacancy. The difference is that
an advert can be in print. Adverts persuade,
inform and promote.

10. Codes and conventions of an advert
• Following the codes and conventions of a print advert, the advert should
have one striking image that captures the audiences attention and
intrigues them to find out more
• The poster must follow the required size of what the channel requires.
Usually A4 landscape
• The slogan must attract the audience and also anchor to the image.
• The print advert must include the channels logo, While producing ours for
channel 4 we had to follow guidelines of the size and placement of the
logo
• The scheduling information should be clear for the audience to see, it
should present the date, day and time, also sometimes should be placed
in a color block to make it stand out to the audience even more
• There must be a simple color scheme.- The name of the program should
also be presented in a color block.
• There must be a simple color scheme. The name of the program should
also be presented in a color block.

11. History of Adverts
• Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages
and wall posters. Commercial messages and
political campaign displays have been found in
the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and
found advertising on papyrus was common in
Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome Wall or rock
painting for commercial advertising is another
manifestation of an ancient advertising form,
which is present to this day in many parts of Asia,
Africa, and South America. The tradition of wall
painting can be traced back to Indian rock art
paintings that date back to 4000 BC.

12. How much does it cost to make an
advert?