The document discusses the past simple tense in English. It explains that the past simple is used to talk about completed actions in the past. It provides the grammatical rules for forming the past simple of regular and irregular verbs. Examples are given of common regular and irregular past simple verbs like "want", "learn", "stay", and "walk". The pronunciation of the "-ed" ending on past simple verbs is also covered depending on the final sound of the base verb.

2. PAST SIMPLE
• The "past simple " is used to talk about an action that ended in a previous to the current time. the
duration is not relevant. the time the action takes place can be the recent past or distant past.

3. GRAMMATICAL RULES
• FORM:
To form the past simple with regular verbs, we use the infinitive and add the ending "-ed". the
form is the same for everyone (i, you, he, she, it, we, they).

4. EXAMPLES
• WANT →
• LEARN →
• STAY →
• WALK →
• PAINT →
WANTED
LEARNED
STAYED
WALKED
PAINTED Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa

5. 1. for verbs that end in “e” only add “d”
EXAMPLES:
CHANGE –
BELIEVE –
CHANGED
BELIEVED
EXCEPTIONS:

6. 2. If the verb ends in vowel and a consonant (except “y” or “w”), double the final consonant
EXAMPLES:
STOP –
COMMIT –
EXCEPTIONS:
STOPPED
COMMITTED

7. EXCEPTIONS:
3. With verbs ending in a consonant and a “and” chagend the “y” with an “i”
EXAMPLES:
STUDY –
TRY -- TRIED
STUDIED

8. VERBS TO-BE, TO-HAVE AND TO-DO
BE HAVE DO
• I
• YOU
• HE/SHE/IT
• WE
• YOU
• THEY
WAS HAD DID
WERE HAD DID
WAS HAD DID
WERE HAD DID
WERE HAD DID
WERE HAD DID

9. •PRONUNCIATION:
WE PRONOUNCE THE ENDING "-ED" DIFFERENTLY DEPENDING ON THE LETTER THAT THE END OF THE INFINITIVE.
IN GENERAL THE "E" IS SILENT.
1. WITH INFINITIVES THAT ENDING IN "P", "F", "K" AND "S" (VOICELESS CONSONANTS EXCEPT "T") WE
PRONOUNCE THE ENDING "-ED" AS A "T".
EXAMPLES:
LOOKED – (LUKT)
KISSED – (KISST)
2. WITH INFINITIVES THAT ENDING IN "B", "G", "L", "M", "N", "V", "Z" (VOICED CONSONANTS EXCEPT "D") OR A
VOWEL, WE PRONOUNCE ONLY "D".
EXAMPLES:
YELLED – (JELD)
CLEANEND (KLIND)

10. 3. WITH INFINITIVES THAT ENDING IN "D" OR "T", PRONOUNCE THE "E" AND "I".
EXAMPLES:
ENDED – (ENDID)
WAITED – (WEITID)
•STRUCTURE:
1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT + MAIN VERB
EXAMPLES:
SHE WAS A DOCTOR.
I WANTED TO DANCE.

11. 2 NEGATIVE SENTENCES
TO BE
SUBJECT + “TO BE” + “NOT”
EXAMPLES:
SHE WASN’T A DOCTOR
THE KEYS WEREN’T IN THE DRAWER.
ALL OTHER VERBS
SUBJECT + AUXILIAR VERB (TO DO) + “NOT” + MAIN VERB (IN INFINITIVE)
EXAMPLES:
I DIDN’T WANT TO DANCE.
THEY DIDN’T LEARN ENGLISH.

12. 3. INTERROGATIVESENTENCES
TO BE
“TO BE” + SUBJECT…?
EXAMPLES:
WAS SHE A DOCTOR?
WERE THE KEYS IN THE DRAWER?
ALL OTHER VERBS
AUXILIAR VERB (TO DO) + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB (IN INFINITIVE)…?
EXAMPLES:
DID YOU WANT TO DANCE?
DID THEY LEARN ENGLISH?

13. THANKS !