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1. Bantugan
Region X (Northern Mindanao)
 It comprises of 5 provinces namely Camiguin, Bukidnon, Lanao Del Norte, Misamis
Ociidental and Misamis Oriental.
 It has 2 highly urbanized city which are the Cagayan de Oro City and Iligan City.
 Roman Catholic is their predominant religion (72%) others are Protestant and Islam.
The Epic of Bantugan
 Bantugan is an epic story told in the great oral tradition of the Maranao Tribe. It is a story
about the great Prince Bantugan, the greatest warrior of the kingdom of Bumbaran. This
a legend of the Mohammedan tribes or Moros of Mindano in the Valley of Rio Grande
de Mindanao.
 The name Bantugan means “one who makes history.” He is the foremost hero of the
Maranao epic Darangan, which is the longest epic in the Philippines.
 The epic of Bantugan is ancient type of epic because it has no definite author. It just
pass down generation to other generation.
Summary
This story is about Prince Bantugan. He is the brother of KingMadali which is the king of
the Kingdom of Bumbaran. He is known for his bravery but aside from that he is also the
number one person which many girls admire and love. Because of the envy of his brother King
Maadali, he commanded everyone to not to talk with Bantugan and anyone who will fail to follow
that will be sentenced to death. After knowing that command, Bantugan became sad and
decided to go to other town. He got sick on his travel that caused him to die at the door of the
kingdom in the land between two seas.
Prince Datimbang and his king brother found Bantugan and feel troubled
because they didn't know Bantugan. The call their council to talk about what to do but in the
middle of their conference a parrot came and told them that man is the Prince of Bumbaran
named Prince Bantugan. After that, the parrot go balk to Bumbaran and tell the news that prince
Bantugan already died. King Madali go immediately to heaven to get balk the soul of Bantugan.
While, Prince Datimbang bring balk the body of Bantugan to Bumabaran. After the arrival of
King Mladali, he put the soul of Bantugan to his body and the prince became alive again and
everyone celebrated.
King Miskoyaw, enemy of King Madali heard the news about the death of Bantugan and
they take the chance of attacking the Bumbaran because they thought that the defense of the
kingdom is now weak. Even Miskoyaw has a larger number of men, Bantugan and his men still
won the fight even at first he is still weak. After the fight, Bantugan marry all his girlfriends and
he live happily ever after with his wives.

2. The Plot
Exposition/Introduction
 An old king named King Madali ruled over the Kingdom but the king was not contented.
Rising Action
 The king told everyone not to communicate with the prince anymore.
Climax
 When Bantugan became sad after knowing that command from the King he decided to
to travel around the world. Due to his great sorrow, he fell sick on is travel that cause
him to die at the door of the kingdom in the land of two seas.
Falling Action
 King Madali after knowing the death of Bantugan repented his cruelty. Together with
Mabaning they go immediately to heaven to request the return of Bantugan’s soul and
after certain ceremonies and rites in putting back the soul of Bantugan the prince
restored back to life and everyone celebrated but King Miskoyaw enemy of Bantugan
attacked Bumbaran because he believe that Bantugan is already dead and the defense
of the kingdom is now weak.
Resolution
 Even Miskoyaw has a large number of men, Bantugan and his men still won the fight
even at first Bantugan was been caught and still weak. After the fight, Bantugan marry
all his girlfriends and King Madali his brother is not anymore envious of Bantugan.
Characters
 Prince Bantugan- great warrior who died and resurrected
 King Madali- jealous brother
 Miskoyaw-great enemy of Bantugan
 Princess Datimbang- found and brought back Bantugan to Bumbaran
 Parrot- the messenger
 Mabaning- a counselor that accompany King Madali to heaven
Settings
 Kingdom of Bumbaran
 Kingdom Between-two-seas

3. Conflict
Man vs. Man: The conflict between the two brothers Prince Bantugan and King Madali
 The first conflict is the envy enveloping with the brother of Prince Bantugan which is King
Madali. Many female are attracted to Bantugan. That's why his brother made a rule that
whoever girl talks to Bantugan shall receive a punishment. That's why Bantugan left
Bumbaran because of sadness he felt, and this lead to his death.
Man vs. Man: Prince Bantugan vs. King Miskoyaw
 When King Miskoyaw know that Bantugan is dead he plan to attack the Kingdom of
Bumbaran where Bantugan live, then they defeat Bantugan easily because he is weak.
Then after they defeat the Bumbaran they captured Bantugan. And when Bantugan
accumulated sufficient strength he break the rope from his body and escape then he
fight the enemy alone, then Bantugan defeat King Miskooyaw and his troops.
Point of View
 Third Person Point of View
As we notice in the story their is someone narrating the story of Bantugan and it’s not
one of the character of the epic. In other words, the narrator exists outside of the story and
addresses the characters by name or as "he/she/they" and "him/her/them."
Theme
 Jealousy and Power
Moral Lesson
 Be conteneded of what you are and what you have. You don’t have to be jealous of
others because everyone is differently beautiful and can be successful in many ways.

4. Indarapatra at Sulayman
Region XII SOCCSKSARGEN
• It is an administrative region of the Philippines, located in the south-central Mindanao.
• Represents five (5) provinces: South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and
General Santos
What is an EPIC?
• from the Ancient Greek "EPOS"
• long narrative poem about an epic hero and the hero's journey
• chanted for certain celebration
BARTOLOME DEL VALLE
• He is the author of Indarapatra at Sulayman Epic
SUMMARY OF THE TEXT
Long before Kabungsuwan came to Mindanao, the entire island was covered with water. The
lowland disappeared. Nothing could be seen but mountains. The people, to escape death, went
to live on the mountainsides. Here the inhabitants built their homes and cultivated the highlands.
KURITA
A terrible creature with many limbs. Kurita haunted the hillsides of Kabalalan, eating men and
other animals.
TARABUSAW
A huge man-like monster. It inhabited the mountain of Matutum and plagued the neighboring
territory.
Pah
Pah is an enormous and large bird. Its feet were covered with steel-hard scales. Whenever this
monster flew, its wings covered the sun and produced darkness akin to midnight. It haunted the
regions east of Mindanao. It had its abode on top of Mount Bita.
DREADFUL BIRD
Having seven heads and power to see in all directions at the same time.
Live in Mt. Gurayu and haunted the adjacent territory.
Adventurous at heart, Sulayman immediately consented to go to Mindanao. While he was
preparing, Indarapatra gave him a ring and a kris. Then taking a young sapling, Indarapatra

5. planted it beneath th e window of their house. He said to Sulayman, "If this tree lives, you live; if
it dies, you die. Also by this tree I shall know when you are in trouble."
Riding on the crest of the mountain wind, Sulayman reached Kabalalan. He found the land
completely in ruins. Not a human being was seen anywhere. A little while, Sulayman felt the
mountain shaking beneath him. Kurita appeared and attacked the young warrior. Sulayman
drew his kris and fought back. The struggle was long and bloody. In the end, Sulayman was
able to conquer Kurita.
From Kabalalan the Mantapuli hero proceeded to Matutum where he encountered Tarabusaw.
The monster warned Sulayman not to attack or he would be devoured. However, the brave
warrior answered that he came on purpose to fight the monster.
Tarabusaw broke big branches of trees and assailed Sulayman. The young warrior parried the
blows and returned the attack. At last Tarabusaw became exhausted. Seeing this, Sulayman
gave the monster a heavy blow with his sword. The blade found its way through Tarabusaw’s
armpit. The monster gave a horrible cry and fell. A bits it lay dying, it looked up to Sulayman and
congratulated the youthful hero.
Sulayman continued his journey. In Mount Bita, he saw far greater devastation than that in
Kabalalan and Matutum. Not a human being remained all of them were either devoured by the
man-eating monsters or had fled for safety somewhere else. He looked around.
Suddenly the world became dark. He looked up and he saw a huge bird descending upon him.
He knew he was in danger. He took his sword and struck the attacking creature. The bird fell
dead, but its huge wings fell on Sulayman. This killed the Mantapuli hero.
Back in Mantapuli, Indarapatra kept watching the plant. And when he beheld the drooping
leaves of the growing tree, he knew that something had happened to his brother. With heavy
heart, Indarapatra prepared to go after Sulayman. He took his sword and magic belt. Riding on
the back of the wind, he headed for Kabalalan. However, he saw only the bones of Kurita. He
knew his brother had conquered the monster and had proceeded to other places.
Indarapatra’s next stop was in Matutum. He found in this place the bones of Tarabusaw, so he
continued his way. In Bita he saw a dead bird. He was about to leave the place when he saw
the severed wing of the bird at a distance. He went near and turned it upside. He saw the bones
of a dead man. He recognized the remains as those of Sulayman because of the sword lying
near the disintegrating limbs.
Sulayman went home to Mantapuli while Indarapatra proceeded to Mount Gurayu. There he met
the dreadful bird that had seven heads. He conquered this monster with the use of his sword,
juru pakal.
Having vanquished the monster, Indarapatra looked for the inhabitants of the place. He was
about to give up, after several days of futile search, when he saw a beautiful maiden near a
spring. He walked toward her. But the maiden suddenly disappeared.

6. When Indarapatra looked back, he saw an old woman staring at him. From this woman,
Indarapatra learned about Sulayman’s encounters with the monsters and how the people went
into hiding. After a while, the old woman led Indarapatra to the cave where the people had
gathered. There the young man saw the beautiful girl he met near the spring but who
disappeared before he could talk to her. Indarapatra related his adventures and that of his
brother. He told the people to go back to their homes because the monsters were all
vanquished. The people rejoiced to hear the news. They all went out and returned to their
farms. The chief gave his daughter to Indarapatra in marriage.
SETTINGS
• Land of Mindanao
• Kingdom of Muntipali
• Mt. Bita
• Mt. Matutum
• Mt. Gurayu
CHARACTERS
Protagonist:
● Indarapatra
●
He is compassionate. He is showed this personality by being very emotional upon his
● Sulayman
● Also brave
● Obedient to his King
● Without mental reservation, he sets to defend and protects his countrymen.
● He can also fly at an incredible speed.
Antagonist:
● Kurita
● Tarabusaw
● Pah
● Dreadful Bird
PLOT

7. Exposition: A long time ago, in the island of Mindanao, only mountains are visible and you can't
see any plain. Everyone lives with peace and contentment.
Rising Action: Four (4) monsters harrassed their peaceful homes. This incident made the people
of Mindanao miserable.
Climax: Indarapatra commanded his brother, Sulayman, to save those people who are in need.
Sulayman immediately obey his brother and went to Mindanao. He fought against the four
monsters. Even though it is very tough, he did his best
to win against each monster. Winning in each battle made him strong even more. Unfortunately,
Sulayman died because when he strucked the last
monster, it feel dead at his feet, but its wing fell on him that made him crushed. Indarapatra
received the news when he saw the little tree wither and dried up that symbolizes the fate of
Sulayman.
Falling Action: Indarapatra went to his brother and get the wing of the bird. Upon looking up, he
beheld a small jar of water by his side. This, he knew had been sent from the heaven, and he
poured the water over the bones, and Sulayman, came to life again. He ordered Sulayman to go
home and he was the one that continued the fight against the seven- headed bird. He
succeeded and began searching some people that are still alive.
Denoument: In the course of his search, he caught sight of a beautiful woman at a distance.
When he hastened toward her she disappeared through a hole in the ground where she stood.
After that, he met an old woman that helped him to see those people who are still alive. When
they found out what Indarapatra had done for them, the headman gave his daughter to him in
marriage, that turned out that it was also the girl that he had seen at the mouth or the cave.
Then the people all came out or their hiding places and returned to their homes where they lived
in peace and happiness.
CONFLICT (Man vs. mONSTER)
POINT OF VIEW
Pont of view is determined by the author's descriptions or characters, settings and events told to
the reader throughout the story. In the epic "Indarapatra at Sulayman", the author used third
person's point of view. It is also known as the OMNISCIENT. It is all-knowing in every detail of
action, thought and feeling.
SYMBOLISM:
PLANT- serves as the life of sulayman.
RING- luck in his journey.
SWORD- weapon/ tools in killing the monsters.
SAMPLING- life of Sulayman and it also signifies the journey Sulayman.

8. WATER- life that stands as chastity and purity. WOMEN- reward to Sulayman for his bravery to
conquer the moSulayma
Land of Mindanao- represent the whole family or the Philippines
Theme
A theme is the main idea that weaves the story. The main idea of "Indarapatra at Sulayman" is
the willingness of the heroes to sacrifice their lives to make other people saved. Also, the theme
of the epic is the proper usage or abilities to combat and overcome elements that can cause
chaos and destruction to the area.
Tone
Tone tells the reader about the feelings of the author about his or her subject. In the epic
"Indarapatra and Sulayman", it is quite aggressive because of the battles that has been
experienced, but then, the sincerity can be seen clearly for the story showed the love of
someone notjust to his kingdom, but also to his very own country, and the love that connect the
siblings to each other.
Moral Lesson
The epic of "Indarapatra and Sulayman" teaches people that love for family and
country/community are no different. Indarapatra's care for Sulayman reflects his care for his
community. It teaches people that love when shown can bring forth good things.
The maguindanao tale a faithful wife.
ARMM
The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was an autonomous region of the Philippines,
located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that consisted of five predominantly
Muslim provinces: Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. It was the only
region that had its own government. ARMM was officially turned over to the BARMM on
February 26, 2019.
Story
• Once there lived in the Sultanate of Bandiamasir an aged man who had an only son.
They lived comfortably together until the time came for the boy to marry. He loved a girl
from the same town but before he could make any arrangements, his father fell ill and
was soon near death. He called his son to him and said “My son, never marry a balo
(widow) but a raga (young lady).”
• After his father died, the son made up his mind to find the meaning of his father’s advice
and forthwith married a raga. But he married two other women as well: a balo and

9. bituanem (divorce). As all three lived harmoniously together he kept puzzling over the
advice left to him by his father.
• One day a new Sultan ascended the throne as the old one had died. This new Sultan
turned loose his magnificent rooster and then proclaimed that whoever touched it would
be killed.
• When the son heard of this decree he was very glad because now he had a way of
testing his father’s advice. He caught the royal rooster and brought it home. Then he
called his three wives, showed them the rooster and said: “Kill the rooster and cook it for
my dinner.”
• The three women turned pale when they realized the meaning of what he said. The balo
and the bituanem immediately refused and hurriedly left the house, not wanting to be
implicated in the crime. The raga took the rooster, killed it and served it to her husband.
Then he knew what his father meant by his dying words. Only the raga could be faithful.
CHARACTERIZATION
Sultan - the caring father who wants the best for his only son.
Son - the lead male of the story who wants to find the meaning behind his father's dying words.
Raga- the faithful wife who will do anything for the one he loved.
Balo- the son's another wife who was a widow before.
Bituanem- the son's another wife who was divorce before.
SETTING
Sultanate of Bandiamasir
CONFLICT
Man vs. himself
When the aged man died, his son was kept puzzling over the advice left to him by his father.
This is the first conflict since this was the time that the son started to make a plan to know what
was his father meant by his dying words.
POINT OF VIEW
Third person point of view As we noticed, someone is narrating in the story and the narrator
exists outside of the story and addresses the characters by name or as "he/she/they" and
"him/her/them."
THEME

10. Love and Faithfulness
If you truly love someone being faithful is easy. you will do anything for him because true love is
selfless. It is prepared for the possible consequences.
The Story of first Durian
REGION 11
• The Davao Region, formerly known as Southern Mindanao.
• The province of Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Davao Occidental and
Compostela Valley Province. The cities of Davao namely; Panabo, Tagum, Digos, Mati
and Samal.
• The “King of Phiippine Fruits” which is Durian can be found in Davao Region. This
stinky but flavorful fruit is abundant in the area.
SUMMARY OF THE STORY

11. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CHARACTERS
Barom-mai - an old and ugly King
Madayaw-bayho - daughter of Tageb
Matigam - loyal adviser of the King
Wise hermit/Impit Purok- ordered the king to plant the mixture
Setting
The setting of the story was in the Kingdom of Calinan in the Visayas and Mt. Apo
Conflict
The king and his bride relationship and when the king forget to invite the hermit to his feast.
Point of view
They went to the hermit and he asked for three things:
The egg of the black tabon bird, twelve ladles of fresh milk from a white carabao without blemish
and the nectar from the flower of the tree of make believe.
Theme
It’s a story of Indebtedness and Perseverance
Moral Lesson:
Keeping commitments is a moral responsibility because making a promise leads others to
assume that you will do what you say. Breaking a promise entails deceiving people who were
promised, and as there is a moral need not to do so, it is also a moral obligation to keep one's
promises.

12. Love in the Cornhusk
Authors presence
Love in Cornhusk” is a short story written by Aida L. Rivera-ford. She is a Filipina writer whose
masterpiece delineates local colors and old identities. Short story as one of the genres in
literature refers to a short work of fiction.
Born in Sulu, she crossed over to Negros Oriental in 1949 for an English degree at Silliman
University. Records toast her as the first editor of Sands and Coral, the school’s literary folio. In
1954, she flew to the University of Michigan on a Fulbright grant to secure her master’s degree
in English.
Overview of Region X1
✘ Davao Region, officially designated as Region XI, is an administrative region in the
Philippines occupying the southeastern section of Mindanao. It covers 5 provinces,
namely, Davao de Oro (Compostela Valley), Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao
Occidental, and Davao Oriental, as well as 1 highly urbanized city. The regional center is
the City of Davao.

13. Summary
The story started with a girl named Tinang, asking her former employer to be the madrina in her
son’s baptism. Tinang had a brief conversation with her employer whom she called as Señora.
The conversation was mostly about married life and it could be concluded that Tinang had
experience hardships. Tinang was then informed that a letter awaits her in the drugstore (which
served as the post office at that time). She originally thought that its content would be about
death, but it was from her first love, Amado. She cried as she read the letter. Amado still loved
her but she was already married. Then, a snake came near to them and she grabbed her son
closely and prayed for her son’s safety.
Plot
✘ Introduction: When Tinang visits her former master, Señora, whom she was working
before she got married, to ask some important matters about the baptism of her baby.
✘ Rising Action: When Tinang arrived at Señora’s house, she was informed that there
was a letter for her.
✘ Climax: Tinang discovered after reading the love letter from her first love, Amado that
she was atill loved by him. However, by then, she was already married to a Bagobo and
a son with him.
✘ Falling Action: After Tinang read Amado’s letter, she just only reminisced those
wonderful time when Amado were still there working to their former employers.
✘ Denouement: Unfortunately. The story is not a happy ending because Tinang already
got married and had a baby with the Bagobo. And Tinang’s first love letter fell unnoticed
on the cornhusks because of tha snake that attacking her.
Conflict
The type of conflict is Man vs man, the conflict is shown when tinang read the letter of Amado
for her and she realized that Amado still love her but she has a husband and she has a child.
Setting
Time: MID 1900’s
Geographical Location :Bario (Mindanao)
-in the house of Señora
-at the drugstore
-at the cornfield
Social Condition: Rural Life
Weather Condition: Sunny Day
Mood and Atmosphere: Good vibes that turned to regret and worries
Characters

14. CONSTANTINA TINANG TIROL
-is the protagonist in the story who was once the helper of one of the rich family in their town.
-a lady whom married to a Bagobo
BAGOBO
-the present husband of Tinang
Señora
-one of the richest family in their town where Tinang worked before and soon to be a Ninang of
her baby.
Amado Galuran
-the truck driver and Tinang's former boyfriend and the one who wrote a love letter.
Point if View
✘ Third person point of view
Style
Simile
•The father is a bagobo even tinang looks like a bagobo now.
Hyperbole
•Tinangs heart beat violently,somebody is dead;I know somebody is dead.
Symbolism
The snake symbolizes as warning, because she may commit a mistake again.
Theme
Love in the cornhusks deals with the illusions of love which are ultimately shattered (quite
abruptly as it turns out) by the sordid mess which love so often leaves behind. Aida Rivera
Ford’s story illustrates this by depicting a young woman with so much promise brought low by
love.
Alternative Ending
After 5 years Tinang and Amando saw each other again. Amando was shocked because
Tinang’s face is too old. Amando realized that even if tinang looks old he still love her, Tinang’s
husband died 2 years ago, she become mother and a father of her two children, its hard for her
because the obligation of his husband before, now became her obligation. She needs to go to
the market to buy groceries but someone grabbed her hand she was shocked because amando
is in her front. After that, amando and tinang goes in amando’s house, tinang was shocked

15. again after seeing how rich amando is, amando and tinang talk about their relationship,they
became couple again . After 2 years amando proposed to tinang and tinang said yes to his
proposal. Until the day came tinang and amando get married and they promised to live happily
ever after.