Plants have two defining features: protected embryos and multicellular life cycles alternating between haploid and diploid phases. Key adaptations for terrestrial life include a waxy cuticle and stomata to prevent desiccation, leaves that increase photosynthetic area, and a dominant vertical diploid generation. Angiosperms are flowering plants whose ovules are enclosed in diploid tissue during pollination, and whose carpels develop into fruit. Angiosperm flowers have sepals, petals, stamens with pollen-bearing anthers and filaments, and a gynoecium of one or more carpels housing the female gametophyte.