sem-3 pharmacy GTU

1. Fruits and Seeds
Prepared by
Pooja Khanpara
APIP,Jamnagar

2. Fruits

3. From ovary to fruit
• The ovary of the flower contains the
ovules.
• As fertilized ovules develop into seeds,
the ovary wall develops into the fruit.
• In science, the term “fruit” refers to a
mature ovary that contains seeds.

4. Fruit anatomy

5. Types of dry fruits
Legume
(Bean pod)
Capsule
(Poppy)
Achene
(Sunflower)
Silique
(Money Plant)
Follicle
(Columbine)
Nut
(Hazelnut)

6. Types of fleshy fruits
Drupe
(Peach)
Pome
(Apple)
Pepo
(Cucumber)
Aggregate
(Strawberry)
Multiple
(Pineapple)
Berry
(Tomato)

7. Fruit dispersal
• The form of the fruit gives clues about its
dispersal.
• Small, dry fruits with “wings” or
“parachutes” may be wind-dispersed.
Fleshy fruits are often animal dispersed.
Explosive fruits can fling seeds away.
Floating fruits may be water dispersed.

8. How are these fruits dispersed?
Dandelion Coconut
Maple
Cocklebur Jewelweed

9. Seeds

10. Ovule to seed

11. Mature Seed

12. Seed anatomy

13. Seed dormancy
• Seeds can remain dormant in the soil for
long periods of time. Dormancy helps
ensure that seeds only germinate when
conditions are right.
• When we weed or cultivate a bare patch
of soil, the weeds that sprout up
immediately usually come from the
“seed bank” already in the soil.

14. Breaking dormancy
• Seeds require moisture and the right
temperature to germinate.
• In addition, some seeds germinate only
after certain environmental signals:
• Drying
• Temperature (period of cold or heat)
• Disruption of the seed coat

15. Germination: monocot

16. Germination: dicot

17. What is a seed?
• A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a
covering called the seed coat, usually with some
stored food.
• The formation of the seed completes the process
of reproduction in seed plants.

18. Why are seeds advantageous for plants?
• maintain dormancy until better
environmental conditions arise
• afford protection to young plant at
vulnerable developmental stage
• contain adequate food supply until
photosynthesis is possible
• dispersal of plants

19. SEED STRUCTURE
• External
• Seed coat (testa)
• Hilum
• Embryo
• Cotyledon
• Epicotyl / Hypocotyl
• Pumule
• Radical

20. Seed Coat
• AKA testa
• The seed coat protects the embryo
• Can be of varying thicknesses,
depending on the seed type.

21. Hilum
• Scar from the seed being attached to the
parent plant

22. Cotyledon
• The cotyledon is the
first leaf that
germinates.
• It is filled with stored
food that the plant uses
before it begins
photosynthesis.
• Some plants have 1
cotyledon (monocot)
and some have 2
cotyledons (dicot).

23. Epicotyl /Hypocotyl
• The basis for the
plant’s stem.
• It is known as the
epicotyl above the
cotyledon and a
hypocotyl below the
cotyledon.
• These grow upward in
response to light.

24. Plumule
The shoot tip with a pair of miniature
leaves.

25. The Radicle
• The part of the seed where the root
develops.

26. SEED DISSECTION
• MATERIALS
• Soaked pinto seed
• Dissecting microscope
• Tweezers
• Ruler

27. SEED DISSECTION
• EXTERNAL
• Draw the external pinto
bean
• Label structures from
notes
• INTERNAL
• Carefully remove the seed coat.
• Gently pull apart the two halves of the
seed.
• Examine each half with the dissecting
microscope
• Draw what you see inside the bean
• Label structures from notes
REVIEW THE RULES FOR LAB DRAWING IN YOUR STUDENT GUIDE
BE SURE YOU MEASURE AND RECORD THE LENGTH OF YOUR SEED

28. Plumule
Cotyledon
Embryo Hypocotyl
Epicotyl
Radicle