Presentation by Frances Seymour, Director General of CIFOR, 4 March 2011, IFAD Objectives: Highlight the contribution of forests to rural livelihoods

1. Nature’s anonymous donor:
The hidden contribution of
forests to rural
livelihoods
Frances Seymour
IFAD
March 4, 2011

2. Presentation outline
Brief introduction to CIFOR
Contributions of forests to rural livelihoods
Wood, food, energy, health
Agricultural goods and services
Employment
CRP6: A framework for exploiting
opportunities and managing risk

3. Brief introduction to
CIFOR

4. CIFOR…
• an international organization headquartered in Bogor, Indonesia
g q g ,
• a member of the CGIAR
• purpose to conduct research to inform policies and practices that affect
forests in developing countries
forests in developing countries
• staff of about 200 globally
• annual budget of about $27 million

5. CIFOR’s vision
We envision a world where:
Forests are high on the political
agenda
People recognize the value of forests
for maintaining livelihoods and
for maintaining livelihoods and
ecosystems
Decisions that influence forests and
the people that depend on them are
based on solid science and principles
of good governance, and reflect the
of good governance, and reflect the
perspectives of developing countries
and forest‐dependent people

6. CIFOR’s research domains
1 Enhancing the role of forests in mitigating climate change
2 Enhancing the role of forests in adapting to climate
change
3 Improving livelihoods through smallholder and
community forestry
4 Managing trade-offs between conservation and
development at the landscape scale
5
Managing impacts of globalised trade and investment on
forests and forest communities
6 Sustainably managing tropical production forests

7. Contributions of forests to
rural livelihoods

8. Net change in forest area 2005‐2010
(13 million ha lost per year)
(13 million ha lost per year)
Source: FAO Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) 2010

9. On average, households in
forest communities derive
24% of their income from
forests – not captured in national
accounts
CIFOR’s Poverty and Environment Network
study of forest-based contributions to incomes
in more than 8,000 households
40 study sites in 25 developing countries
Income and other socio-economic and
environmental data, collected on a quarterly
basis over a 12-month period
Majority f
M j it of research carried out by 38 partners
h i d tb t
(mainly PhD students) from Asia, Africa & Latin
America
Launch planned for June 15, 2011 in London
15

10. Wood products
p
Local communities exploit forests for construction timber, poles,
boats, tools, baskets, and many other uses
Ulin (ironwood) species identified by local communities in East
Kalimantan as one of the most valued forest products

11. Food
Forests provide wild fruits, honey, mushrooms, tubers, grubs, and
many other diet supplements
Fish are often the most important non timber forest product, and
non-timber product
fisheries depend on healthy forest ecosystems

12. • Bushmeat can constitute up to 80% of the protein and
fat in the diets of households in rural areas of Central
Africa
• Research suggests importance of bushmeat to AIDS
orphans in Southern Africa
p
THINKING beyond the canopy

13. Energy
Up to 80 percent of rural energy needs in sub‐Saharan Africa
are met by fuelwood and charcoal from forests

14. Health
Forests provide:
Access to nutritious food
Access to medicinal plants
Disease control
l

15. Employment
p y
• Research in Cameroon highlights the significance of the domestic
timber sector
• Some 45,000 people derive income from the sector
THINKING beyond the canopy

16. Forest-related employment also
includes
Gathering non-timber forest
products for sale
Household processing
Such employment is especially
important for women, as it is
compatible with other household
responsibilities

17. Goods and services to
agriculture
Forests and trees on farms provide fodder and
enhance soil fertility
Forests contain the preponderance of the Earth’s
Earth s
terrestrial biodiversity – including wild relatives
of important crop species
Forests provide environmental services important
to the agriculture sector, including hydrological
regulation and pollination

18. CRP6: A framework for exploiting
opportunities and managing risk

19. CGIAR Research Program on
Forests, Trees,
Forests Trees and Agroforestry

20. Conceptual framework

21. Component
1 Smallholder production systems and markets
Research Enhancing management and production systems for
themes
smallholders (food security and nutrition)
Increasing income generation and market integration for
smallholders
Improving policy and institutions to enhance social assets
to secure rights in forest- and tree-dependent
communities

22. Suppo t to s a sca e p oduce s
Support to small‐scale producers
• Research suggests significant
potential to increase the share
of value captured by small
producers of timber and NTFPs
• Example: Teak producers in
Java need
– better information on
market requirements, and
q ,
– access to financial services
THINKING beyond the canopy

23. • Women’s roles in NTFP value chains often invisible
• Danger of marginalizing women’s roles in processing through
interventions focused on streamlining production and marketing
THINKING beyond the canopy

24. 2
Management and conservation of forest and tree
M t d ti ff t dt
Component
resources
Research
themes Understanding threats to important tree species and
formulating genetic conservation strategies
Conserving and characterizing high-quality germplasm of
important tree crops and their wild relatives
Developing improved silvicultural, monitoring and
management practices for multiple use
Developing tools and methods to resolve conflicts over
distribution of benefits and resource rights

25. Certification
CIFOR assisted th F
i t d the Forestry Stewardship
t St d hi
Council’s efforts to refine FSC certification
standards for small-scale operations with
prospective application in Brazil
Brazil,
Cameroon, and Mexico.

26. Beyond timber
CIFOR research on the potential of
p
multiple-use management focuses on
barriers to integration of timber and Brazil
nut production in the Western Amazon.

27. 3
Environmental services and l d
E i t l i d landscape
Component
management
Research Understanding drivers of forest transition
themes
Understanding the consequences of forest transition
for environmental services and livelihoods
Learning landscapes: dynamics of multi-functionality

28. Payments for Environmental
Services
S i
CIFOR analysis reveals tenure constraints to PES-based approaches to
forest conservation in Brazil.
Competitiveness of REDD supply Bottleneck: Land tenure “chaos”
Legend
Unknown tenure 53%
Indigenous lands 9%
Agricultural settlements 10%
PA for sustainable use 9%
PA f i bl 9%
Cities
Community lands <1% Roads
State limits
Registered properties 1% Water
Sources: IBAMA, INCRA 2007, Soares-Filho et al. 2006

29. Tenure
Research shows that strengthening community rights to forests
can lead to “win-win” outcomes:
• improved forest condition
• enhanced local incomes
THINKING beyond the canopy

30. • However, research also shows that communities require:
– Support to defend their new rights, and to mobilize forest
pp g ,
resource assets to generate income; and
– Relief from unnecessary regulatory burdens
THINKING beyond the canopy

31. Component
4 Climate change adaptation and mitigation
Research Harnessing forests, trees and agroforestry for
themes
climate change mitigation
Enhancing climate change adaptation
Understanding synergies between climate change
mitigation and adaptation

32. Risks and opportunities
Deforestation and land use change
contribute 12–18% of the world’s total
annual carbon emissions
REDD+ could provide channel significant
ld id h l i ifi t
revenue flows to rural communities
Forests themselves are threatened by
climate change
Forests provide an important source of
resilience for adaptation to climate change

33. Learning from REDD: A global
comparative analysis
CIFOR research input to the
Indonesia – Norway Letter of
Intent on REDD

34. Ecosystem-based
p
adaptation
Joint CIFOR-CATIE research on tropical
forests and climate change adaptation in
f d li h d i i
Honduras influenced the design of one of
the first projects ever approved by the
UNFCCC s
UNFCCC’s Adaptation Fund Board
Board.

35. Component
5 Impacts of trade and investment on forests and
people
Research Understanding the processes and impacts of forest-
themes
related trade and investment
Enhancing responses and policy options to mitigate
the negative impacts and enhance the positive
impacts of trade and investment

36. Trade and investment
CIFOR research on the implications of
biofuel expansion on forests and forest
communities

37. Law enforcement
• CIFOR research highlighted danger of local
communities losing livelihood from crackdowns
targeting “the little guy with the chainsaw
the chainsaw”
THINKING beyond the canopy

38. Cross cutting themes:
Gender
Approach:
Gender disaggregated data collection and
analysis
Gender appropriate research methods
Partnerships with key organizations to
build capacity & share knowledge
Example of research:
CIFOR study on barriers to women’s
participation in forest decision-making and
decision making
benefit-sharing in Nicaragua and Uganda

39. Cross-cutting approach:
Sentinel Landscapes
Follows key recommendation from the
2009 social science “stripe” review
stripe
commissioned by the CGIAR Science
Council
Builds on the CGIAR s comparative
CGIAR’s
advantage to conduct long-term,
comparative research
Generates data about the drivers and
impacts of land use change, as well as
approaches to threats and benefits for
environmental resilience and the poor
Integrates research and impact pathways
to exploit potential synergies across all
CRP6 components

40. International, national and local
partnerships
Levels/Types Research Partners Policy and Practice Knowledge‐sharing
Partners
P Partners
P
International CIRAD, IRD, CSIRO, Forest CPF, FAO, UNEP, World BBC World Service
Landscape Denmark, Bank, UN‐REDD, IPCC, Trust, Panos, UN‐
IUFRO, Norwegian
IUFRO Norwegian FSC, IUCN
FSC IUCN REDD, CPF, IUCN
REDD CPF IUCN
University of Life
Sciences
Regional CATIE, Amazon Initiative, AFF, COMIFAC, Asia RECOFTC, STCP, CATIE
ANAFE, FARA, SEANAFE; Forest Partnership,
ASARECA, CORAF, ECOWAS
SAARD, STCP,
SA/AP/LAFORGEN
Country or NARS, local/national NARS, government, Local NGOs and
local research organizations, CBOs, NGOs, private networks,
FORDA sector companies government

41. Communications and knowledge g
sharing “Hurricane” model
enabled by increased
connectivity
i i

42. Impact pathway example:
climate change

43. http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/crp6/