2. BITE VS STING
● Bite : When an insect/animal uses
mouth to break a person’s skin
Ex: spiders,snakes,dogs,etc
● Sting : when an insect/animal use
another body part (ex-tail end) to
inject venom
Ex: Bees,wasps,scorpion,etc
4. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER BITE
➢ Causes neurotoxicity
➢ Causes muscle spasms,pain and abdominal cramp
and rigidity
➢ Hypertension,tachycardia and diaphoresis
➢ Its effects lasts for 2-3 days
Management : -Cleaning the wound
-Antibiotics
-Antihistamines
-Specific anti-venins
5. BROWN SPIDER BITE
Releases Sphingomyelinase-D
Necrosis of skin Haemolysis
❏ LOCAL EFFECTS: skin rash,blister formation,necrosis of
skin, extensive ulceration
❏ SYSTEMIC EFFECTS:
anaphylaxis,arthralgia,thrombocytopenia,haemolysis and
renal failure
6. BEE STING
★ HONEY BEE has got barbed stinger with two
lancets.These lancets get attached to human
skin to release the venom.bee dies after bite
★ WASPS: Yellow jacket wasps are more
aggressive
Bee venom contains ----DOPAMINE,
HISTAMINE, NEUROTOXIN, TOXIC
PEPTIDES
7. CLINICAL FEATURES
● Allergic reactions
● Anaphylaxis
● Pain in local region,edema,pruritis,flushing
● Muscle spasm,convulsions
● Renal failure in severe cases
9. MAMMALIAN BITE
➢ Common– dog bite,human bite
➢ Infection rate is more in mammalian bites
➢ Proper wound toileting is very important
➢ Within 12 hrs,incised wound is closed primarily
➢ All lacerated wounds and wound which is seen after 12 hours
is left open. Wound is closed secondarily.
➢ Antibiotics are must in all mammalian bites
➢ Human bite -- dangerous
10. SCORPION BITE
❏ Scorpions feed on ground dwelling
arthropods and small lizards
❏ Paralyze their prey by injecting the
venom from a stinger on the tip of the
tail.
❏ Scorpions are nocturnal, sting when
threatened
11. Common scorpions in India
★ Indian red scorpion
(Mesobuthus tamulus)--
--most poisonous
★ Indian black scorpion
(Heterometrus
swammerddami)
12. ACTION OF SCORPION VENOM
Venom (peptides)----> contain NEUROTOXINS ------>
cause sodium &potassium channels to remain open ----
-> massive release of neurotransmitters (autonomic
storm response)---->dysfunction of cranial nerves and
hyperexcitability of skeletal muscles.
13. SYMPTOMS
● Swelling
● Pain,paresthesia
● Restlessness
● Blurred vision,abnormal eye movements
● Profuse salivation,lacrimation,diaphoeresis,nausea
and vomiting
● Muscle twitching,jerking and shaking (mistaken for
seizures)
15. 4 GRADES on basis of clinical manifestations
● GRADE-1 : severe excruciating local pain radiating
along corresponding dermatomes,mild local edema at
the site of sting without systemic involvement
● GRADE-2 : features of autonomic storm characterized
by parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation
● GRADE-3 :cold extremities,tachycardia,hypotension,or
hypertension with pulmonary edema.
● GRADE-4 : tachycardia,hypotension with or without
pulmonary edema with warm extremities (warm shock)
16. MANAGEMENT OF SCORPION STING
❖ S.electrolytes (HYPERKALEMIA)
❖ Lipid profile (low s.cholesterol and triglycerides
with raised FFA’s)
❖ Amylase raised
❖ LDH raised
❖ Transaminases elevated
18. GRADE-1
➔ Mild pain-ice packs over the sting
➔ Severe excruciating local pain--LIGNOCAINE
➔ Oral DIAZEPAM and NSAID’s with LIGNOCAINE -
give prolonges pain relief
➔ Incision at the site of sting or tourniquet application
is not advisable.patients suspected of envenomation
shlould be hospitalized for 12 hours and observed
for cardiovascular and neurological sequele
