Paolo Liberati, Recuperator Technical Department - R&D and Andrea Pagan, CAREL Application Manager - HVAC Commercial at Chillventa eSpecial 2020. Exploring CAREL's solutions for Air Handling Units able to ensure Health and Safety in critical applications, while remaining highly-efficient in terms of energy consumption.

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Air Handling Units : a matter
of health, efficiency and
comfort
Andrea Pagan – Carel
Paolo Liberati – Recuperator
14th October, 2020

3. Indoor air quality
Clean air is a basic requirements of life.
The quality of air inside home, offices, schools, day care center,
public buildings […] is an essential determinant of healthy life and
people well’s being.
WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality – selected pollutants

4. A Resource for Assessing Exposure to Environmental Pollutants
(2001) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11477521/
The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS)
90% We breath
We spend more than
in confined space (*) 11.500 L/day of air
1 kg/day of food
2 L/day of waterWe drink
We eat

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IAQ and COVID-19
Keeping right Indoor Air Quality is a good strategy to fight against
spread of infections.
 Increasing ventilation with outdooor air
 Keep indoor temperature and relative humidity in a certain range
 Maintenance and continuous control of the operating conditions of
ventilation systems

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It controls all the crucial air parameters impacting
human being health.
 air temperature
 relative humidity
 air cleanliness
Why do we need air handling units?

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New AHU’s pillars

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New AHU’s pillars

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New AHU’s pillars

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The right choice of
 components
 control strategies
 remote management systems
can play a fundamental role in making air
handling unit safer HEALTH
How can we get this targets?

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The right choice of
 components
 control strategies
 remote management systems
can play a fundamental role in making air
handling unit more efficient HEALTH
EFFICIENCY
How can we get this targets?

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Control system
Heat recovery Humidifiers
Remote
monitoring
services
Sensors

13. Control system can apply intelligent
control logics to all AHU devices to
achieve best results in terms of Indoor
Air Quality and Hygiene, with the
minimum energy consumption.
Through the connectivity, it allows to
explore the benefit of remote
monitoring and management of the
unit.
Control system

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Control strategies
Ensure the right quantity and
quality of air introduced in rooms

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Prevent the onset contamination
in ventilation system
Control strategies

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..and keep perfomance over
time
Control strategies

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quantity and quality of air introduced in rooms
CO2 VOC
 Demand-controlled ventilation
PM2.5

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NIGHT
quantity and quality of air introduced in rooms
 Demand-controlled ventilation
 Pre-post ventilation and night
purge

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quantity and quality of air introduced in rooms
dP
 Demand-controlled ventilation
 Pre-post ventilation and night
purge
 Pressure difference

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quantity and quality of air introduced in rooms
rH
Lim.
rH
 Demand-controlled ventilation
 Pre-post ventilation and night
purge
 Pressure difference
 Fine humidity control

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quantity and quality of air introduced in rooms
 Demand-controlled ventilation
 Pre-post ventilation and night
purge
 Pressure difference
 Fine humidity control
 HEPA filter monitoring

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quantity and quality of air introduced in rooms
 Demand-controlled ventilation
 Pre-post ventilation and night
purge
 Pressure difference
 Fine humidity control
 HEPA filter monitoring
 Sanification system
management

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 Demand-controlled ventilation
 Pre-post ventilation and night
purge
 Pressure difference control
 Fine humidity control
 HEPA filter monitoring
 Sanification system management
 VDI maintenance program
Prevent the onset contamination
Operating strategy
Maintenance program

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Keep performance over time
Remote control technologies can continuously monitor any deviations between ideal and actual conditions,
allowing immediate action in the event of malfunctions and a prompt response to emergency conditions.

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• Excellent seal between the two air
flows
• Wide range of fins spacing and
models
• Up to 100,000 m³ / h of air flow
• Efficiency between 60% and 80%
• Low pressure drops
Basic characteristics

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Differentialpressure
What is the differential pressure?
The differential pressure could influence the
pressure drop because it could deform
elastically the heat exchanger fins.
If it’s too high (> 3000 Pa), it could
plastically modify the fins geometry !!

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For applications that requires high speed and /
or high differential pressure like hygienic app,
Recuperator offers a feature for greater
resistance (special treatment of the plates)
called OPTION XS.
The value indicated above has been obtained
after tests carried out by the HTA (Hochschule
für Technik Architektur) in Lucerne
(Switzerland).
This document and all of its contents are properly of RECUPERATOR. All unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution of this document or the information contained in it, by anyone other than RECUPERATOR, is severely forbidden. Data refer to year
High differential pressure resistance

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Where does the leakage go?
Have you ever wondered where the eventually leakage (even very small) ends or if it can
be directed?
What is the problem if fresh air mixes with the extract air and then expelled away?

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Leakage
The leakage of the plate heat exchangers is very low, depending on the
options it may be close to 0%

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The sealants
Non-metallic materials must not promote
bacterial proliferation.
The Recuperator sealant is silicon-free
and, confirming the tests carried out, it
is microbial inertness

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Corrosion resistance and no bacterial proliferation
For hospital applications, the surface in
contact with air must have strong corrosion
resistance.
To comply with this requirement, the
galvanized sheet frame is covered with an
epoxy protection: TV option
In addition to being anti-corrosive, the coating
chosen by Recuperator is also:
• Non toxic
• Not porous
• It is not the site of bacterial proliferation
TV option

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Hygiene certification
Thanks to the options presented, all the
Recuperator plate heat exchangers
range can be used in hospital ventilation
systems.
The Recuperator plate heat exchangers
are certified from “ILH Berlin” according
to standards :
• VDI 6022
• DIN 1946-4
• VDI 3803

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To limit the leakage between
one flow and the other, brush
seals are mounted on the
circumference of the cross
beams.
Basic characteristics

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Fans
positions
Purging
sector
Leakage of rotary heat exchangers

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In order to function properly, the supply air flow must be in
overpressure respect the exhaust air flow.
A sufficient overpressure of the supply air flow is achieved
with a correct position of the fans.
𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ° = 𝑓 𝑟𝑝𝑚,
1
𝑣 𝑓
Purging sector

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Fans position
It is important to
consider the position of
the fans inside the
ventilation unit to have
the supply side always
in overpressure.
The images on the side
show the possible
recovery / fan
combinations,
highlighting the
suggested positions.
Pressure available in the supply air flow should be greater than the exhaust side

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Exhaust air transfer ratio (EATR)
Supply in overpressure + purging sector
↓
EATR close to 0

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THE PILLARS
Position
of the fan
Supply side
always in over
pressure
The purge sector
avoids the cross
contamination that
belongs to the
carry over
Regularly
maintained
Following the VDI
6022 it is needed
to check the HX
every 6 months
Correct
installation
It is important to
know how the
RHX works to
avoid installation
problems
Purging
sector

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Rotary heat exchanger ON or OFF ??

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Where can we see our heat exchangers in operation?
Ospedale di Pordenone
Ospedale di Monza
Ospedale di Alba-Bra
Ospedale di Grosseto Hospital San Juan de Dios
Llandough Hospital
And many others…

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 Materials must be resistant to corrosion, easily cleanable, non-
porous, not to promote the formation of microorganisms (steel,
aluminum alloy, non-porous plastics)
 Droplet eliminators (adiabatic), drain pan
 Limit probe is mandatory
 Drinking water (partially) demineralized for adiabatics
Humidifiers with recirculation / wet pads are implicitly discouraged
VDI 6022 requirements

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Steam humidifiers
 Steam is safe by definition
 Mandatory for critical application
 Minimum maintenance with use
of demineralized water
Isothermal technologies

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Pressurized water humidifiers
 Automatic washing and draining
cycles
 Stainless steel components
 High reliability with demineralized
water
 Hygienic certification
 Low energy consumption (4 W/l
only)
Adiabatic technologies

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Indirect evaporative cooling technology
[..] To reduce the need for the use of mechanical cooling in the summer, it is
recommended in addition to heat recovery, that evaporation cooling should be installed
on the extract air side [..] (EN 13053:2019)
Wet bulb effectivness
𝜀 𝑤𝑏 =
𝑚 𝑝 𝑇𝑠𝑎,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑠𝑎,𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑚 𝑠𝑎, 𝑚 𝑒𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑠𝑎,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇 𝑤𝑏,𝑒𝑎,𝑖𝑛
Supply air (sa)
Extract air (ea)

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INTEGRATION THAT TRANSLATES INTO EFFICIENCY
Recuperator has developed a new hydrophilic aluminium coating that improves
system efficiency and ensures high corrosion resistance.
This coating can be applied for all the Recuperator series A, B, F and E.

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WETTABILITY
The coating BBlue increases the system cooling capacity thanks to the adsorption
hydrophilic matrix that enhances the wettability of the plate pushing the process air
humidification
0
805
0 805
Andamento σ 805 Gold σ Andamento σ 805 B-Blue σ
0
805
0 805
* σ → TOP configuration, plate wettability

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WETTABILITY
Gold B-Blue

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WETTABILITY

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CONFIGURATIONS

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CONFIGURATIONS with multiple heat exchangers
There are many possible
configurations between plate heat
exchanger and humidification system.
One single heat exchanger, multiple
heat exchangers to enhance the
efficiency or to have the airflows on
the same side.
The BBlue coating advantage can be
seen when the plate is wetted

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HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN
Recuperator used the numerous results of
the studies conducted on the indirect
evaporative cooling technology,
in order to develop a DLL black box for the
performance calculation of this solution.

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KNOW-HOW

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CORROSION RESISTANCE
The B·Blue coating, in addition to increasing the IEC cooling capacity, guarantees greater
corrosion resistance than traditional epoxy coatings → +50%
RECUPERATOR ONLY HAS THIS COATING
1500h ASTM B117 5% NaCl @35*C pH6.5-7.2
300h Acetic salt spray chamber – pH=2
ALL WATER TYPES CAN BE USED WITH OUR BBLUE

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CORROSION RESISTANCE

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TIGHTNESS
For this application the water tightness of the plate heat exchanger
is essential. Recuperator knows this and for this reason we have
developed a process that guarantees this result. In addition, the
tightness is certified through a dynamic test (watertight) at a high
pressure difference.

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TIGHTNESS
Multiple units could be also be tested to guarantee the tightness of the junctions

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Control strategies for IEC
Cascade control strategies
Recovery+IEC
Mechanicalcooling
Cooling
demand
Freecooling
%

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Limiting function to save water
rH saturation
%
% IEC
Control strategies for IEC

59. This document and all of its contents are property of CAREL. All unauthorised use, reproduction or distribution of this document or the information contained in it, by anyone other than CAREL, is severely forbidden.
Complete and Integrated solution by Carel

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Don’t miss it!

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