3. INTRODUCTION
Endometritis is an inflammation of the
endometrium not associated with systemic
illness.
It is characterized by:
a) Purulent discharge from the vulva.
b) Decreased fertility and
c) Repeat Breeding.
4. It is a prevalent uterine disease in
postpartum cows which reduces the fertility
and cause repeat breeding.
Subsequently it affects the productivity and
profitability of dairy farms which is
associated with considerable economic
losses.
7. Environmental Factors
Moist Environment:
• The moist environment is good for multiplicat
ion of the pathogenic bacteria
• The pathogens during parturition can enter re
productive tract.
• Causing uterine diseases like endometritis.
8. Nutritional Factors
1) Proteins
Deficiency; reduces cellular immunity and p
hagocytosis
Excess; high serum ammonia and reduces ly
mphocytes production.
2) Vitamins (A,B&C)
Deficiency favors the pathological bacteria t
o grow and delays the phagocytosis process
and reduces the immunity of uterus.
9. 3) Minerals
Calcium deficiency delays uterine involution.
Magnesium involves in opsonization process.
Selenium involves in neutrophils function an
d reproductive health.
Copper, zinc, and iron intervene in lysosome
production.
(Excess or deficiency of all these minerals
result in growth of pathological bacteria in
uterus and development of endometritis)
11. Classification of Endometritis
Clinical Endometritis
• The uterine discharge is mucopurulent.
• No signs of clinical illness.
Sub-Clinical Endometritis
• The uterine discharge is almost clear but white
side test is positive.
12. Degree of Endometritis
1st Degree
• No disturbance in estrous cycle.
• Clear vaginal discharge.
• Flakes of pus may present 4 days post AI.
2nd Degree
• Estrous cycle may be prolonged or normal.
• Clear Vaginal Discharge (May become cloud
y/dirty on uterine milking).
• The genital tract is slightly thick and heavy.
13. 3rd Degree
• The estrous cycle disturbed (prolonged).
• Discharge is mucopurulent especially during
estrus.
• The genital tract is felt distinctly thick and enl-
arged.
19. Endometrial Cytology
Done by uterine lavage.
Using of 2 way foley catheter 20% of Salin
e is flushed into uterus and collected, cent
rifuged and sediment examined.
Presence of variable amount of Neutroph
ils 8 to 12% indicate endometritis.
20. White Side Test
(Specific for Subclinical Endometritis)
1ml cervical mucous.
1ml 5% NaOH solution.
Appearance of dark yellow colour- Clinical metritis.
Appearance of yellow colour- Subclinical metritis.
Appearance of no colour- Normal
21. Endometritis Scoring Scheme
0: Clear mucus
1: mucus with off white flecks
2: mucus with ≤ 50% pus
3: mucus with ≥ 50% pus but ocassionally san
guineous.
22. Control
Clean hygienic practice at farm.
Provide required nutrition to cows.
Routine diagnostic procedures.
Use of clean disinfected equipment.
Healthy managemental practices to contr
ol of postpartum problems and diseases.
26. History
Subject was an experimental animal at
RCVETs clinic. Students performed AI Rod
practice many times on the subject. There
was a chances of bacterial infection in
reproductive tract and may be injury.
27. General Examination
General body condition:
The patient was fully conscious, alert but with poor
BCS.
Vitals:
Temperature: 101
o
F.
Pulse : 54 beats per minute.
Respiration: 12 respiration per minute.
Heart rate : 52 beats per minute.
29. CRT: less than 2 seconds.
Lymph nodes: No abnormal swelling found.
Heart: No murmurs.
Lungs: No sounds.
Ruminal motility: 2 waves in 3 minutes.
Musculoskeletal system: No joints swelling and
no lameness.
31. Vulva: Normal edematous.
Evidence of uterine discharge: Yes.
Nature of uterine discharge: Clear stringy.
Cervix: Fibromuscular hypertrophy of externa
l-os (>5cm in diameter).
32. • Examination of uterine horns: Flaccid both
horns
• Examination of ovaries:
• Length 3cm both
• Palpatable structures on right and left ovaries:
• Multiple regressed CL on both ovaries and dev
eloped follicles
• Stage of estrous cycle: Estrus
• Reproductive status of the animal: Cyclic
35. Tentative Diagnosis
On the basis of uterine discharge and trans
rectal palpation we diagnosed this case as
first degree endometritis. This diagnosis is
also based on history because these animals
are used for A.I rod practicing and there are
chances for contamination of reproductive
tract.
42. Antibiotic Selection
• According to sensitivity test we selected
STREPTOMYCIN for treatment as it is ea
sily available in market and broad spectru
m in action.
43. References:
Applied Veterinary Gynecology and Obste
trics (Dr. Radeep Kumar)
Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases
(Stephen J. Roberts)
Clinical Metritis and Endometritis in Dairy Ca
ttle (Journal by Kassahun A. Negasee)
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/63404
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
C2706386/