Advanced technologies in monitoring control and surveillance in management of fisheries resources, life saving appliances, recent research studies on sustainable fisheries and conservation management technologies, impacts of few technologies on fishermen livelihoods and case studies on marine fishing technologies

1. Recent Innovations in technology for Fishermen,
Crews, seafarers safety at Sea and Fisheries
Resource Monitoring and Conservation of Marine
Aquatic Ecosystem
By:
Bhukya Bhaskar
Fisheries
Source: Marine insight:
maritime Law

2. Introduction
• The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) sets
out new responsibilities for coastal States regarding the use of
resources in their exclusive economic zones (EEZs).
• Those responsibilities, in many cases, establish the need for both
economic development and effective control of a country's marine
resources, including fisheries.
• States are committed to the sustainable exploitation of fish stocks,
through better management and conservation of fisheries,
ecosystem-based approaches such as marine protected areas
(MPA), and reducing illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU)
fishing.
• Technological and digital advances now allow innovative
monitoring equipment to better manage fish stocks, which are used
in all stages of the value chain.
• New technologies, including Big Data, the internet of things (IoT),
sensors, robotics, data storage and transmission will become more
compact and cheaper thus encouraging their use.

3. Cont..
• many recent technological developments. Such technologies
can be collaborative, i.e. involving more than one stakeholder
groups along the value chain or non collaborative which are
set up by governments to monitor the fisheries sector.
• increased computing power of handheld devices; the
proliferation of user-friendly Global Positioning System
(GPS) and Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS)
applications; increased capacity for “big data” storage,
sharing, and analysis; variety and improved durability of
drones and low maintenance radar stations; accessibility and
accuracy of satellite imagery; continuous improvements in on-
board digital cameras and recorders; expanded use of
Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) and Vessel
Monitoring Systems (VMS), and the internet at sea.

4. International organisations involved in
IUU and related fish crimes issues (Source: Leroy A. and R.
Akam (2016)

5. Current use of new technologies in
fisheries
• MCS is now a standard part of fishing operations and
fisheries management.
• To understand the incentives and actions motivated by
MCS, a distinction will be drawn between collaborative
and non-collaborative tools.
• The main difference is that collaborative tools rely on
the willingness of the vessel’s captain to participate in
the system.
• For example, a captain can switch off their VMS or AIS
devices, though they risk a penalty.
• Non-collaborative MCS tools rely on solutions like
satellite imagery, where captains are not in control of
reporting the time and place of fishing activities, as this
is observed by satellites.

6. Inventory of innovative monitoring technologies:
A. Current use of new technologies in fisheries
• Collaborative monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) tools rely on the willingness of a
given vessel’s captain; non-collaborative tools rely on the decisions taken by the authorities in
control (on when and where the vessel is monitored).
• Collaborative tools include Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) and Automatic Identification
System (AIS).
• Non-collaborative tools include optical or radar satellites.
• New data processing technologies in fisheries include: big data, block chain, smart weighing
at sea, Radio-frequency identification (RFID), smartphones for monitoring, artificial
intelligence, drones, and on-board cameras.
a. Collaborative tools
• 1. Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS)
• 2. b. Automatic Identification System (AIS)
• 3. c. Electronic Logbook or ERS
• 4. Smartphone for monitoring VMS or AIS data
b. Non-collaborative tools
B) Other technological development in fisheries:
1. Big data technologies for monitoring of fisheries
2. Blockchain technologies
3. Smart weighing system at sea
4. Drones (also named as Un-Manned Vehicle)
5. On-board survey camera and electronic monitoring

7. Fisheries Monitoring Centre and
monitoring tools (Source: Maritime Survey)

8. Use of innovative monitoring technologies at various policy
stages: Ref: Pierre Girard Maritime Survey and Thomas Du Payrat,
Odyssée Development, 2017

9. Implications for government policies
• Promising future technologies and their link to policy instruments are
categorised in eight key policy concerns.
• Innovative monitoring technologies are used at the various stages of
fisheries policies.
• They enhance the design, implementation and evaluation of fisheries policy
instruments.
• The use of many innovative monitoring technologies carries more
advantages for the policy makers and the industry alike – in terms of proper
stock management, MPA implementation and fighting IUU fishing – than
drawbacks when these tools are used adversely, or when their positive
market outcome can yield a negative impact on fish stocks.
• 1) Encouraging use of product certification, e.g. eco-labelling
• 2) Strengthening fishing gear standards for selectivity and ecosystem
preservation
• 3) Monitoring Marine Protected Areas
• 4) Modelling the environmental impact of the fishing activity
• 5) Improving market based instruments for fisheries
• 6) Support traceability in a well-functioning markets
• 7) Enhance capacity to make the best use of new technologies

10. Recent research

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17. Mitigating effects on target and by-catch species fished by
drifting longlines using circle hooks in the South Adriatic Sea
(Central Mediterranean)

18. Northern Ireland to benefit from new fishing safety
management project
• This new project from The Seafarers’ Charity builds on the 2021 Fishing First Safety
Management project in the Southwest of England which improved the safety
management practices of 50 fishing vessels.
• Fishing First Safety Management is a bespoke auditable safety management system
for a fishing vessel which evidences compliance with legislation in respect of the
management of health, safety and welfare onboard the vessel.
• The project makes use of the SafetyFolder to build an onboard safety management
system which can be audited.
• The bespoke nature of the service makes it suitable for all vessel sizes and gear
types.
• This new project in Northern Ireland will audit up to 30 vessels’ safety management
systems.
• In an addition to the original South West project, the Northern Ireland project will
focus on increasing supply chain transparency for retailers and develop and test a
new country-wide mechanism to identify and manage crew grievances.

19. Innovative technologies needed for
maritime safety
• Intelligent awareness (IA) systems are set to become the next generation of
digital technologies to improve safety the maritime sector.
• They will utilise sensors, high-resolution displays, and intelligent software.
In part, this technology is likely to support other maritime innovations,
including the autonomous vessels of the future.
• The IA system will make use of sensor technology and software to minimise
the risks that navigators face in constantly changing weather conditions,
darkness, or in congested waters.
• Through data collection and information display systems, the IA system is
expected to raise the standard of navigational safety as well as operational
efficiency.
• By producing a 3D map of the vessel, with the aid of light detection and
pulsed lasers to measure distance, an external overview of the vessel’s
surroundings can be made.
• This will help to create an accurate bird’s eye view of the area surrounding
the ship.
• Furthermore, the IA system can supplement the navigational tools already
available from the electronic chart display & information system (ECDIS) and
radar.

20. SMART DISPLAYS AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
• maritime electronics manufacturer Furuno Electric and Japanese carrier line
Mitsui Osaka Lines have collaboratively developed Intelligent awareness (IA)
information display systems using augmented reality (AR) technology which will
support vessels at sea.
• Such systems can assist in the development of autonomous ship operations.
• They are able to provide information on the presence of other ships in the vicinity
around the vessel, as well as other landmarks and obstacles to be encountered
during the journey.
• Data collected from the automatic identification system (AIS) can be displayed on
tablets and other devices. Some devices may be able to display images taken from
the bridge of the surrounding landscape.
• Images will build on AR technology to provide visual views to crew to assist with
the surveillance of the ships.
• Navigation manufacturer Raytheon Anschütz and Vard Electric AS have developed
the Integrated Navigation System (INS). It is a combination of navigational data
and systems interconnected to enhance safe navigation of the vessel.
• Managing routes and charts, the INS will also share data across the network as well
as controlling central tasks and services, including data handling and distribution,
system monitoring, alerts and settings.
• According to Raytheon, the system has been designed for smart navigation through
safe and simple

21. Case studies
Real Life Incident: Pressure Washer Risks:
• On a vessel underway, two engine room crew were
detailed to clean the engine room ventilator water mist
catcher using a pressure cleaner
Real Life Incident: Hatch Gantry Crane Safety Study:
• Current gantry crane practice and risk reduction
measures are not adequate, finds a report from Dutch
Safety Board (DSB).
Real Life Incident: Cargo Fire Takes 10 Days To Extinguish
• A general cargo vessel was fully loaded with cut timber
packed into plastic-wrapped packages, both in the
cargo hold and on deck.

22. Case studies
Real Life Incident: Paltry PPU Position Predictor:
• In darkness and with visibility further reduced to about
150m in fog, a container vessel was being brought to a
tidal river berth under pilotage.
Real Life Incident: Close Quarters Between Ferries:
• Poor communication, disregarding VTS advice, and
limited awareness caused a close quarters situation,
highlighting the need for accurate traffic information
and holding the berth in constrained waterways.
Real Life Incident: Fractured Crown Shackle Spotted:
• The crew were heaving anchor on a tanker in ballast. As
the starboard anchor came into sight above the water
the officer noticed something was not right.

23. Cont..
Real Life Incident: Stern Line Failure While Departing Causes
Fatality:
• The vessel was berthed ‘Mediterranean style,’ with lines
running astern to the pier and to starboard on another pier in
combination with an anchor on the port side.
Real Life Incident: A Berthing Plan Fails:
• The pilot briefed the Master on his berthing plan and was
informed of the vessel’s left-handed controllable-pitch
propeller, among other manoeuvring details.
Real-Life Incident: Hi-Fog Fire Suppression System In
Suppressed State
• While sailing in a restricted waterway, a passenger/RoRo
ferry’s fire detection system detected a fire on deck 1, zone 4,
followed by multiple alarms in the engine rooms within 30
seconds.

24. • Real Life Incident: Inert Gas Generator Malfunction Gives Rise To
Increased Inspection
• Real Life Incident: Mobile Phone Distraction – Huge Salvage Extraction
• Real Life Incident: Shifting Anchorage Position Ends In Disaster
Real Life Incident:- Drifting ‘Give-Way’ Vessel Collides With Fishing Vessel
• Container ship under way was stopped and drifting at sea due to port
congestion at the next destination. The OOW was supported by another
crewmember as lookout.
Real Life Incident: Eye Injury From High Pressure Air Release:
• A deck officer was tasked to escort an accredited technician to inspect the
free-fall lifeboat air cylinders while the vessel was in port. The technician
requested that the officer assist him by opening the air cylinder valves one
by one to check the pressure.
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG)?
• International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) code has been created to
avoid problems for shipping dangerous goods by categorising the aspect &
level of danger.

25. Impacts of technology and pollution on Aquatic
resources and artisanal fishermen livelihood
occupation
• Due to modern fishing methods we are catching
fish at a rate that is unsustainable.
• 34% of species are currently below sustainable
levels and nearly 60% are at, or close to their
maximum sustainable yield.
• We have to address our global fisheries
management processes and the devastating
impact of many existing fishing practices.

26. cont..
• Did you know that we are currently allowing around 8
million tonnes of plastic to get into our oceans every
year ?
• This plastic pollution is having a terrible impact on
ocean wildlife, spreading through marine ecosystems,
acting as a vector for pollutants and affecting our well-
being, and potentially our health.
• The ocean is essential for our very survival, yet we
treat it with neglect.
• Increasing CO2 levels are raising sea temperatures
and resulting in ocean acidification.
• Fragile ecosystems like coral reefs are susceptible to
the smallest climate change and pollution.
• The impact of not having coral reefs is unimaginable.

27. References
• https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD_2017_Issue%20Paper_New%20technologie
s%20in%20Fisheries_WEB.pdf
• Antonia Leroy (2016) “OECD : The Fight against IUU Fishing and the Associated
Economic Crimes”. Conference and Workshop on Combatting Tax Crime and Other
Crimes in the Fisheries Sector. 13-14 October 2016. Paris, France
• FAO (2016) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food
security and nutrition for all. Rome. 200 pp
• https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/32611/innovations-in-fishing-technology-
aimed-at-achieving-sustainable-fishing
• https://justoneocean.org/?gad=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwrfymBhCTARIsADXTablqOeW1uSYmI3
j1NaE4lLCX8mgot95uaGdUx3_xX2tznQl37I6gxx4aAndqEALw_wcB
• https://www.seatec.fi/native/2768/innovative-technologies-needed-for-maritime-
safety#:~:text=By%20producing%20a%203D%20map,the%20area%20surrounding%20t
he%20ship.
• https://www.marineinsight.com/category/case-studies/
• https://www.marineinsight.com/category/case-studies/page/4/
• https://www.marineinsight.com/category/maritime-law/
• https://www.google.com/search?q=sea+safety+equipmentds&oq=sea+safety+equipme
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