Textile and tanning industry waste

1. Textile industry
• INTRODUCTION:
Founded by Parvez Ahmad Ansari in year 1991.
Purpose – To serve the global safety footwear
market by providing the best quality in buffalo
safety leather .
The tanning and finishing process involves
environmentally friendly imported chemicals and
use of European machines.
Production capacity is 0.4 million sq. feet per
month

2. Tannery industry
• Tannery industry is one of the
oldest in India.
• Usually tannery waste consists of -
Strong odour - High BOD,- High
BOD, - High pH - High dissolved
salts
• Treatment of waste is essential
before Disposal.

3. SOURCE OFWASTES:
• Tannery Industry takes all the measures to limit the waste .
• It uses eco-friendly chemicals and before disposing to the rivers
or nearby water bodies it performs the screening operation and
other treatments .
• The company operates with good pollution controls , doesn’t
expose local populations to health risk.

4. • But the processes of soaking, weaving, dying , liming , pickling , splitting ,
trimming leads to generation of waste water and some amount of solid
wastes like hide scraps , skin and excess fats
• Chromium contamination and high chemical oxygen demand are typical
problems associated with tannery effluents, both of which can pose serious
risks to the environment and human health

5. Manufacturing Process
• It consists of basic three stages
• 1. Preparation of hides for tanning
• 2.Tanning proper
• 3. Finishing

6. Preparation of hides
• 1) In first stage hides are washed to remove dirt and preservative salts
used earlier and then soaked into the fresh water containing NaCl and
preservative chemical. Preservative chemical.
• 2)The hides are washed in running water. Washed hides are pasted
with lime and sodium sulphide
• 3) Limed hides are then mechanically cleaned of hairs and fleshing in
wooden vats with running fresh waters.
• 4) Bating prepares the hides for tanning by reducing pH, reducing
swelling and removing the protein degradation products of it.
• 5)The deliming and bating is carried out in verrrrtically rotating drums
in warm solution of ammonium salts and enzymes

7. Tanning proper
• Tanning makes hides no putrescible and soft.
• There are two types of tanning.
• 1.Vegetable tanning
• 2. Chrome tanning

8. • Vegetable tanning:
• Tannins bind to the collagen proteins in the hide and coat them causing
them to become less water-soluble, and more resistant to bacterial
attack.
• The process also causes the hide to become
• The process also causes the hide to become more flexible.
• Hides are stretched on frames and immersed for several weeks in vats of
increasing concentrations of tannin.Vegetable tanned hide is flexible and
is used for luggage and furniture.
• Chrome tanning:
• Chromium salts such as chromium sulphate is used.
• Chrome tanning is faster than vegetable tanning (less than a day for this
part of the tanning (less than a day for this part of the process) and
produces a stretchable leather which is excellent for use in handbags and
garments

9. Finishing:
Finishing consists of stuffing and fat liquoring
followed by dyeing

10. WASTE WATERTREATMENT:
The company follows the following treatment process:
Screening mixing settling aerated lagoons
Other ways to reduce contaminants in water are :
Using of trivalent chromium as it is far less toxic than chromiumVI, water that is
contaminated with chromiumVI can be treated with an electron donor that converts the
pollutant to its less damaging, trivalent state.
Even bone charcoal, which is produced by burning animal bones, used as it has the ability
to remove chromium from water
TANNERY INDUSTRYWASTE

11. SOLID WASTE TREATMENT
• To remove chromium contamination from soil vermiculture is practiced ,
which involves the use of worms to concentrate heavy metals so that they
can be disposed away
• Some forms of salt-tolerant bacteria used as they are able to decrease
chromium contamination in soilTREATMENT OF HARMFUL GASES: • By
exhaust fans
• Cyclone separators

12. CONCLUSION:
• It has become utterly necessary to reduce the pollutants emitted by the textile industry.
• Contamination of the air, water, and land by textile industries and its raw material manufacturing units has become a
serious threat to the environment.
• It has endangered the life of human beings and various other species on Earth. Global warming is a direct result of the
pollutants released by such industries.
• It also causes harmful diseases and health issues in people getting exposed to the pollutants in the long run.
• The use of organic raw material can help in fighting the emission of pollutants by the textile units.
• Organic cotton is especially beneficial as the production of cotton asks for the maximum amount of pesticides and
fertilizers.
• Besides, the waste generated from textile manufacturing plants should be processed in a manner that it is free from toxic
chemicals before it is disposed.