This ppt has described an overview of biomedical textile including the classification, Surface finishing of biomedical processing and end application of biomedical textile.
3. 1. Introduction
Medical textiles are also known as Healthcare Textiles. It
has diversified with new materials and innovative designs.
The Medical textile products are obtainable in woven, knitted
and non- woven structure based on the area of application.
Increasingly, synthetic fiber is being utilized in the
manufacturing of these products.
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4. Conti.
Bio textiles are structures composed of textile fibers designed for use in
specific biological environments where their performance depends on
biocompatibility and bio stability with cells and biological fluids.
Its include implantable devices such as
Surgical sutures
Hernia repair fabrics,
Arterial grafts,
Artificial skin and parts of artificial hearts.
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5. 2. Classification of Medical Textiles
Non -implantable materials
Implantable materials
Extracorporeal devices
Healthcare/hygiene products
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6. Non -implantable materials
These materials use in external application on the body and may or may not
make contact with the skin. This includes wound care, bandages, plasters,
pressure garments, orthopedic belts etc.
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Fiber Type Fabric Structure Applications
Cotton, Viscose, Lyocell Non-woven Absorbent Pad
Alginate fiber, Chitosan, Silk Non-woven Absorbent Pad
Viscose, Lyocell, Cotton Woven, Non-woven, Knitted Wound-contact layer
Viscose, Lyocell, Plastics
film
Woven, Non-woven Base material
Polyamide fiber Woven, Non-woven Base material
Elastomeric fiber yarns Woven, Non-woven, Knitted Simple non-elastic and
elastic bandages
7. Implantable materials
These materials used in effecting a repair to the body whether it be wound closure
(sutures) or replacement surgery (vascular grafts, artificial ligaments, artificial
cartilage, etc.).
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Fiber Type Fabric Structure Applications
Polyethylene fiber Mono filament, Braided Non-biodegradable sutures
PTFE fiber, Polyester fiber,
Silk
Mono filament, Braided Non-biodegradable sutures
Collagen, Polyethylene fiber Mono filament, Braided Non-biodegradable sutures
Polyamide fiber Woven, Braided Artificial tendon
Polyester fiber, Carbon fiber,
Collagen
Braided Artificial ligament
8. Extracorporeal devices
These are extra corporeally mounted devices used to support the
function of vital organs, such as
Kidney
Liver
Lung and
Heart pacer
The extracorporeal devices are mechanical organs that are used for
blood purification and include the artificial kidney,
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9. the artificial liver, and the mechanical lung. The function and performance of
these devices benefit from fiber and textile technology.
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Fiber Type Applications Function
Hollow Polyester fiber,
Hollow
Artificial kidney Remove waste products from
patients' blood
Hollow viscose Artificial liver Separate and dispose of patients
plasma and supply fresh plasma
Hollow polypropylene fiber,
Hollow silicon membrane
Mechanical lungs Remove carbon di-oxide from
patients' blood and supply fresh
Oxygen
10. Healthcare/hygiene products
Healthcare and hygiene products are a rising sector in the
field of medicine and surgery. The range of products
available is vast, but typically they are used either in the
operating or on the hospital ward for the hygiene, care,
and safety of staff and patients.
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12. 3. Characteristics of Medical Textile
Mechanical properties: This properties include durability and any
Elasticity of fiber used in the materials.
Non-toxicity: This the most important properties consider during
the production of medical textiles. It is ensured the materials
used should not caused rising the body temperature and
should not –toxicity in nature.
Ability to sterilized: This properties deals the clean ability of the
materials us a the bacteria.
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13. Conti.
Biocompatibility and optical properties: The materials used
should be bio inert and bioactive.
Diffusion properties: it is an essential property for control
delivery system like artificial kidney.
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14. 4. Surface modification of biomaterials with proteins
Biomaterials are materials that are used in contact with biological systems.
Biocompatibility and applicability of surface modification with current uses of
metallic, polymeric and ceramic biomaterials allow alteration of properties to
enhance performance in a biological environment while retaining bulk
properties of the desired device.
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Protein patterning – chessboard pattern
15. Conti.
Surface modification involves the fundamentals of
physicochemical interactions between the biomaterial and the
physiological environment at the molecular, cellular and tissue
levels (reduce bacterial adhesion, promote cell adhesion).
Currently, there are various methods of characterization and
surface modification of biomaterials and useful applications of
fundamental concepts in several biomedical solutions.
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16. Conti.
The function of surface modification is to change the
physical and chemical properties of surfaces to improve
the functionality of the original material.
Protein surface modification of various types’ biomaterials
(ceramics, polymers, metals, composites) is performed to
ultimately increase biocompatibility of the material and
interact as a bioactive material for specific applications.
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17. Fabrication techniques
Physical modification Edit
Physical immobilization is simply coating a material with a
biomimetic material without changing the structure of either.
Various biomimetic materials with cell adhesive proteins (such as
collagen or laminin) have been used in vitro to direct new tissue
formation and cell growth.
Cell adhesion and proliferation occurs much better on protein-
coated surfaces.
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18. Chemical modification Edit
Covalent binding of protein with polymer graft Alkali hydrolysis,
covalent immobilization, and the wet chemical method are only
three of the many ways to chemically modify a surface.
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Covalent bonding of protein with polymer graft
19. 5. Application of Medical Textiles
The number of applications is enormous and diverse,
ranging from a single thread suture to the complex
composite structures for bone replacement and from the
simple cleaning wipe to advanced barrier fabrics used in
Operation Theater.
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22. Conclusion
The importance of medical textile for the healthier life and benefit
of human being is great. The development of new technologies
and new item will help the patients to overcome their suffering in
previous days. To get correct, hygienic products we should put the
concentration to develop new technologies as well as we should
put concentration on the price of the products.
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