Geospheres

3. They interact to
carry different
natural processes.

5. Geosphere
Portion of the Earth that
includes the interior
structure, rocks, minerals,
landforms, and all physical
processes on land that
shape Earth’s surface.

6. Geosphere
-Solid ground of Earth.
- Geologists study this
part of the Earth.

7. Geosphere
Geosphere Vs. Lithosphere
- Geosphere covers all the
solid part of the Earth.
- Lithosphere covers only
crust + upper mantle.

8. Earth’s Internal
Structure
❑Inner core
❑Lehmann
Discontinuity
❑Outer core
❑Gutenberg
discontinuity
❑Lower mantle
❑Upper mantle
❑Mohorovicic
discontinuity
❑Asthenosphere
❑Lithosphere
❑Continental crust
❑Oceanic crust

9. Earth’s Internal
Structure

10. Earth’s Internal
Structure
❑Layers vary in:
❑Density
❑Mineral composition
❑Temperature
❑Thickness

11. Earth’s Internal
Structure
❑Seismic waves- use to
identify materials in the
interior of the earth.
❑p-waves
❑s- waves

12. Earth’s Internal
Structure
❑p-waves=travel fast
through solids and
liquids.
❑s-waves=travel slower
than p-waves and only in
solid.

13. Crust
✓5 to 70 km thick
✓Continental
✓Oceanic
✓Composed of elements:
✓Oxygen
✓silicon
✓Aluminum
✓Iron
✓Calcium
✓Sodium
✓Potassium
✓magnesium

15. Mohorovicic
Discontinuity
•Andrija Mohorovicic
•Observed that seismic waves
travel differently as it travels
through this layer.
•Recognized as the transitional
boundary that divides the
crust from the mantle.

16. Mantle
✓Below the crust
✓Asthenosphere- lies on the upper
part of the mantle and is directly below
the crust.
✓The extreme temperature and
pressure in the asthenosphere causes
the rock to become ductile and thus
moved like liquid.
✓The flow of semimolten rocks in some
parts of the brittle crust causes it to
break.

18. Mantle
✓Some rigid parts of
the crust “float” or
move about slowly in
the liquid like layer,
supporting the
movement of plates.

19. Mantle
✓Mantle is made up
of: silicate rocks
✓Thickest layer of the
Earth.
✓Most of it is solid,
but behaves as a
viscous fluid.

20. Mantle
✓Xenolith- use to study the
mantle.

21. Mantle
✓Xenolith- use to study the
mantle.
✓Rocks embedded or trapped
in rocks that come straight
from volcano.
✓It contain primary rocks
from earths interior.

22. Gutenberg
Discontinuity
✓Transitional boundary
between lower mantle and
outer core.
✓( Beno Gutenberg) 1913
✓This boundary doesn’t
remain constant because it
goes deeper and deeper
within earth’s core.

24. Core
✓Made up of Iron and
Nickel.
✓Iron is very important,
why?

25. Core
✓Iron is the primary
source of Earth’s magnetic
field.
✓The magnetic field extend
outward to protect Earth
from solar wind.

26. Lehmann
Discontinuity
✓(Inge Lehmann) 1929
✓When large earthquake
occurred in New Zealand.