The document summarizes research on advances in potato seed production technologies. It discusses traditional seed plot techniques that have slow multiplication rates and require specific seasons/areas. True potato seed and micropropagation techniques are also introduced but have limitations. The need for new technologies to address issues like year-round availability and decentralized production is highlighted. The document then describes various new propagation methods like aeroponics, mini-tubers and apical rooted cuttings that offer advantages over traditional methods. It also summarizes two case studies on micropropagation and microtuberization of potato cultivars using different growth regulators, finding combinations of BAP, KIN and auxins optimized shoot induction and rooting.

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3. 10/14/2023 3
Problems

4. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BANGALORE
Department of Horticulture
ADVANCES IN PROPAGATION OF POTATO
SEMINAR II
BALACHANDRA
PAMB1279
Sr. M.Sc. (Agri.) in Horticulture
10/14/2023 4

5. Introduction
Present scenario of potato seed
Need for adoption of new systems in potato seed production
Recent technologies for quality seed tuber production
Case studies
Conclusion
Outline
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6. INTRODUCTION
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) 2n=4x=48
It is an important world staple food crop
It is forth most important food crop just after rice,
wheat and maze in the world
It contains 20.6% carbohydrate, 2.1% protein and
0.3% fat
Lizana et al., 2021
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7. 10/14/2023 7
Winter crop in plains
Summer crop in hills
Season

8. Total area: 2.16 Million hectare
Total Production: 53.03 Million tonnes
Productivity: 24.55 t/ha
Seed rate: 2.5 – 3.0 t/ha
PRESENT SEED REQUIREMENT IN INDIA
SOURCE: NHB 2021-2022
 Total seed requirement: 6.15 Million tonnes accounts (11.59%) of the
production
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9. CPRI Shimla developed a technique for disease free quality seeds production
during low aphid population in subtropical North Indian plains, known as seed
plot technique
Developed by Dr. Pushkar Nath during 1959
Seed Plot Technique
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10. Seed Plot
Technique
Plant 1st week Oct (plains),
Use systemic insecticides
Dehaulm before
vector crosses
critical level
Rouge out diseased and
off types
Harvest cure and
treat seed before
storage
Use hot weather
cultivation & Crop
rotation
Use healthy seed
Use sprouted
seed
Store seed in
cold storage
Components of Seed Plot Technique
Ashwini et al., 2015
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11. Seed Plot Technique (SPT)
Fig. 1 - Crop season vs aphid infestation period in Indian plains
Ashwini et al., 2015
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12. Disadvantages
Multiplication rate
1:6
Requires specific
season and area
Accumulation of
degenerative viral
diseases.
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13. True potato seed is the matured ovule of potato resulting from
sexual fertilization
True potato seed (TPS) technology given by Dr. Ramanujan
Seed rate 100-120 g/ha
Reduced cost of production
Storage cost is lesser than seed tuber
Transportation cost is lesser than seed tuber
Low cost of seed material
No storage loss it can be stored at room temperature without
loss of viability
True potato seed (TPS) technology
Singh et al., 2019
10/14/2023 13

14. Disadvantages of TPS
The seeds are not genetically pure
and exhibit heterogeneity
The crop matures late as compared
to the crop grown from seed tubers
TPS is also found to be dormant
from harvest upto half a year to a
year
Singh et al., 2019
10/14/2023 14

15.  Slow rate of multiplication in SPT (1:6)
 SPT requires specific season and area
 Farmers are not widely accepted TPS
 Low yield of tubers in TPS
 Germination problem in TPS
 Year round seed production
 Aeroponics reduces land problem
 To reduce the seed transportation cost
 Year round availability of seed tuber
Need for the new technologies of seed production
Prasad et al., 2014
10/14/2023 15

16.  Tissue culture-based systems
i. Micro propagation
ii. Micro-tuber production from micro-
plants
 Mini-tuber production
 Aeroponic system
 Apical rooted cutting
Advances in Potato Seed Production
Munthali et al., 2022
10/14/2023 16

17. In vitro propagation of potato seedling under Tissue culture Lab
10/14/2023 17
MS Media Preparation
7-8 single node cuttings
Incubation
Sub-culturing
Placing in growth chamber

18. Micro-tubers are miniature tubers
Sprouts and shoot tips of the micro plants are taken as explant
Micro-tuber production from micro-plants
Micro tubers
Sprout as explant Sub cultured plant
In vitro Micro tuber
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19. Mini-tuber production in soil
 Planting material for mini-tuber is both micro-tuber and
micro-plants
 Transplanted inside a net-house for the production of mini-
tubers
 Approximately 10 to 20 mini tubers can be produced per
plant inside a net house
 The obtained mini-tubers are multiplied in three
subsequent generations before supplying to farmers as seed
 The yield of mini-tuber from micro-tubers is less
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20. Hardier
Easy to handle and transport
Require less care during planting, post-planting operations
Advantages of mini tubers over micro plant
Disadvantages of mini tubers over micro plant
 It takes 2-3 additional months time in the laboratory for
the production of mini tubers
Storage for breaking dormancy
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21. “Aeroponics is a plant culture technique in which
mechanically supported plant roots are either continuously or
periodically misted with nutrient solution.”
(Barak et al., 1996).
AEROPONICS
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22. Aeroponics model
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23. In vitro grown 15-21 days old microplants
are hardened before shifting to this
system
Hardened plantlets of about 15 cm height
are planted in holes of aeroponic grow
boxes
All essential nutrient elements supplied
by pump
100% relative humidity is maintained
inside the root zone
Aeroponic mini tubers
Aeroponics
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24. Roots, stolons and tubers develop inside the
chamber and leaves are exposed to light
Nutrient solution is replenished from time
to time with pH of 6.0
 Sequential picking is done at regular
interval and tubers are harvested when they
attain desired size of 3-10 g
The aeroponic minitubers are harvested and
are called as generation-0 (G-0) planted
under net-house for Generation-1 (G-1) at a
spacing of 30 cm× 15 cm
Aeroponic growth chamber
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25. Major Steps
Seed Production (Season 01) in open field
Mother Plants Multiplication in poly house
In vitro Multiplication in TC Lab
Commercial Potato Production
Seed Production (Season 02) in open field
ARC Production (Seedlings) in polyhouse
Disease Free Mother Cultures (CPRI)
Apical Rooted Cuttings
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26. 8-10 cm height
Short Internode
Simple leaf
Strong collar and stem
Dark green leaves
Well developed Roots
Healthy ARC plant
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27. Particulars Conventional Seed
Production
ARC Seed
Production
Investment High cost Low cost
Technology Complicated Simple
Suitability For only large-holdings resource
rich formers
Even small- holders can
become seed producers
Gestation Period At least 6 seasons are required Only two searons
Risk High Low
Seed System Centralised De-centralised
Reddy et al., 2022
Comparison Conventional v/s ARC Seed production system
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28. 10/14/2023 28

29. In vitro multiplication and micro tuberization of solanum
tuberosum using different growth regulators
Mohapatra et al., 2018
Int. J. Pl. Res. Biotech., 31(2):114-122.
Case study-1
Objective : To develop efficient protocol for in vitro shoot propagation in potato cv. Kufri
Pukhraj and to develop protocol for efficient micro tuberization in potato cv. Kufri Pukhraj
10/14/2023 29

30. Material and Methods
Sprout and shoot tip used as explants
For shoot induction : MS media supplemented with
6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin alone, and
in combinations with NAA, IAA, IBA and GA3 for
in vitro multiplication.
Root production : MS medium supplemented with
different con. (0.5-2.5 mg/l) of IBA and NAA.
Variety : Kufri Pukhraj
A-B: In vitro establishment of
plantlet from tuber sprout and
apical shoot tip respectively
Mohapatra et al., 2018
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31. Medium Code and concentration (mg/l) Days required for shoot formation Percentage shoot induction
PM0 MS Basal 11.0±0.57 48.8±0.55
PM1 BAP 0.25 10.3±0.33 61.5±0.84
PM2 BAP 0.50 13.0±0.57 53.5±1.75
PM3 BAP 0.75 12.6±0.33 58.3±0.96
PM4 BAP 1.00 12.0±0.00 56.6±1.66
PM5 BAP 1.25 12.3±0.33 53.8±2.42
PM6 KIN 0.25 12.0±0.57 55.6±1.96
PM7 KIN 0.50 13.0±0.57 56.7±1.04
PM8 KIN 0.75 11.0±0.00 59.2±1.33
PM9 KIN 1.00 12.3±0.333 51.3±0.73
PM10 KIN 1.25 12.6±0.33 54.8±0.83
SE(m) 0.41 1.40
CD value 5% 1.22 4.13
Mohapatra et al., 2018
6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP)* Kinetin (KIN)*
Table 1. Effect of different growth regulators on potato cv. Kufri Pukhraj on per
cent shoot induction response using media on sprout explants
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32. S. No.
Medium code
(mg/l)
Rooting
Percentage
Days required
for in vitro
rooting
1 PR1 (IBA 0.5) 100 12.5 ± 0.29
2 PR2 (IBA 1.0) 100 13.5 ± 0.29
3 PR3 (IBA 1.5) 100 12.0 ± 0.19
4 PR4 (IBA 2.0) 100 10.0 ± 0.00
5 PR5 (IBA 2.5) 100 11.2 ± 0.11
6 PR6 (NAA 0.5) 100 13.0 ± 0.77
7 PR7 (NAA 1.0) 100 12.0 ± 0.38
8 PR8(NAA 1.5) 100 12.4 ± 0.11
9 PR9 (NAA 2.0) 100 10.5 ± 0.11
10 PR10 (NAA 2.5) 100 11.5 ± 0.11
SE(m) 0.31
CD value 5% 0.93
Table 2. Effect of different growth regulators on in vitro rooting of potato cv. Kufri Pukhraj
Mohapatra et al., 2018
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33. Medium
Code
and Concentration (mg/l)
Average number of shoots
7th day 14th day 21st day 42nd days
PM0 MS Basal 1.6 ± 0.19 1.8 ± 0.22 2.3 ± 0.19 7.3 ± 0.88
PM1 BAP 0.25 1.0 ± 0.00 1.2 ± 0.22 1.4 ± 0.22 6.3 ± 0.57
PM2 BAP 0.50 1.0 ± 0.00 1.0 ± 0.00 1.3 ± 0.33 6.5 ± 0.22
PM3 BAP 0.75 1.0 ± 0.00 1.3 ± 0.19 1.4 ± 0.29 6.0 ± 0.19
PM4 BAP 1.00 1.3 ± 0.19 1.7 ± 0.11 1.7 ± 0.11 7.8 ± 0.61
PM5 BAP 1.25 1.2 ± 0.22 1.6 ± 0.19 1.8 ± 0.11 8.7 ± 0.44
PM6 KIN 0.25 1.1 ± 0.11 1.2 ± 0.11 1.5 ± 0.11 7.3 ± 0.00
PM7 KIN 0.50 1.2 ± 0.11 1.4 ± 0.11 1.6 ± 0.19 5.8 ± 0.40
PM8 KIN 0.75 1.3 ± 0.00 1.4 ± 0.11 1.5 ± 0.11 7.7 ± 0.11
PM9 KIN 1.00 1.2 ± 0.11 1.2 ± 0.11 1.5 ± 0.11 6.5 ± 0.11
PM10 KIN 1.25 1.2 ± 0.11 1.5 ± 0.11 1.6 ± 0.19 6.3 ± 0.19
PM11 0.25 BAP + 0.25 KIN 1.8 ± 0.11 1.8 ± 0.11 2.5 ± 0.22 10.0 ± 0.83
PM12 0.25 BAP + 0.01 NAA 1.6 ± 0.19 2.4 ± 0.29 2.6 ± 0.19 9.8 ± 0.11
PM13 0.25 BAP + 0.01 IAA 2.0 ± 0.00 3.3 ± 1.00 4.3 ± 0.96 21.3 ± 1.17
PM14 0.25 BAP + 0.01 IBA 2.0 ± 0.00 2.4 ± 0.11 3.3 ± 0.83 15.3 ± 1.34
PM15 0.25 KIN + 0.01 NAA 1.0 ± 0.00 1.3 ± 0.00 2.1 ± 0.40 5.6 ± 0.19
PM16 0.25 KIN + 0.01 IAA 1.5 ± 0.29 1.8 ± 0.29 2.2 ± 0.11 5.8 ± 0.29
PM17 0.25 KIN + 0.01 IBA 1.5 ± 0.11 1.8 ± 0.11 2.3 ± 0.19 6.2 ± 0.22
PM18 0.01 BAP + 0.25 GA3 + 0.01 NAA 1.8 ± 0.11 2.5 ± 0.11 2.7 ± 0.29 10.1 ± 0.29
PM19 0.25 BAP + 0.25 GA3 + 0.01NAA 1.6 ± 0.19 2.1 ± 0.29 2.3 ± 0.38 11.1 ± 0.67
PM20 0.25 BAP + 0.25 GA3 + 0.01 IAA) 2.2 ± 0.22 2.8 ± 0.58 3.8 ± 0.44 18.2 ± 0.44
PM21 0.25 BAP + 0.25 GA3 + 0.01 IBA 1.8 ± 0.11 2.1 ± 0.11 3.1 ± 0.29 16.0 ± 0.96
PM22 0.25 BAP + 0.25 GA3 + 0.02 NAA 1.2 ± 0.11 1.4 ± 0.22 1.8 ± 0.22 8.6 ± 0.50
PM23 0.25 BAP + 0.25 GA3 + 0.02 IAA 1.5 ± 0.22 2.0 ± 0.19 2.3 ± 0.19 8.3 ± 0.38
PM24 0.25 BAP + 0.25 GA3 + 0.02 IBA 1.1 ± 0.11 1.6 ± 0.19 2.2 ± 0.11 6.7 ± 0.48
SE(m) 0.14 0.28 0.34 0.57
CD value 5% 0.40 0.81 0.98 1.65
Table 3. Effect of different growth regulators on in vitro multiplication of potato cv. Kufri Pukhraj
Mohapatra et al., 2018
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34. Table 4. Effect of different medium condition in vitro microtuberization of potato cv.
Kufri Pukhraj
Medium code & concentration
Number of
microtuber
Days required
for
tuberization
Size of micro
tuber (mm)
weight of
microtuber
formed (g)
PTM1
0.01mg/l BAP+ 0.01mg/
lNAA+0.1mg/lGA3+Sugar
50g/l
3.5 ± 0.11 51.0 ± 3.05 9.5 ± 0.68 0.4 ± 0.19
PTM2
0.01mg/l BAP+
0.01mg/lNAA+0.25mg/
lGA3+Sugar 50g/l
2.3 ± 0.00 52.2 ± 1.81 6.4 ± 0.22 0.3 ± 0.02
PTM3
0.01mg/l BAP+ 0.01mg/l
NAA+0.1mg/lGA3+Sugar
80g/l
3.8 ± 0.11 50.1 ± 0.29 9.6 ± 0.69 0.6 ± 0.10
PTM4 5mg/l KIN+80g/l Sugar 2.7 ± 0.11 66.0 ± 2.50 4.0 ± 0.39 0.1 ± 0.03
PTM5 5mg/l KIN+100g/l Sugar 2.8 ± 0.48 66.0 ± 3.28 6.4 ± 0.27 0.3 ± 0.00
SE(m) 0.23 2.44 0.49 0.10
CD value 5% 0.74 7.79 1.58 N.S.
Mohapatra et al., 2018
10/14/2023 34

35. Fig 2. In vitro regeneration on medium (PM1)
BAP 0.25 mg/l
Mohapatra et al., 2018
Fig 3. In vitro multiplication on medium (PM13)
0.25 mg/l BAP +0.01mg/l IAA) on 42th day of
inoculation
Fig 4. In vitro micro tubers formation
in MS medium PTM3
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36. The maximum number of microtuber were obtained in PTM3 (0.01mg/l
BAP+0.01mg/l NAA+0.1mg/l GA3+Sugar 80g/l) in 51.1 days with 9.4mm size
and 0.4gm microtuber weight in potato cv. Kufri Pukhraj
It can be concluded that the use of 8% sucrose induced the initiation of tubers,
gave more and large microtubers, compared to lower concentrations
Conclusion
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37. Effect of in-vitro chitosan application on growth and minituber yield of
Solanum tuberosum L.
Plant Soil Environ., 55(6): 252–256
Case study - 2
Zakaria et al., 2018
Objective : To investigate whether the in-vitro application of soluble chitosan can
improve plantlet growth under in-vitro and affect minituber yields in potato
micropropagation.
10/14/2023 37

38. Materials and Methods
Nodal cuttings of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria were placed on
rooting medium.
Rooting medium : MS basal medium 1.0 mg/l thiamine, 30 g/l
sucrose and 6 g/l agar.
Soluble chitosan was added to the rooting medium prior to
autoclaving.
Different concentrations of soluble chitosan were 0, 5, 15, 50,
150, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/l.
Zakaria et al., 2018
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39. Table 5. Effect of different concentrations of soluble chitosan applied in the culture
medium on growth of potato Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Agria plantlets
Parameters Chitosan concentration (mg/l) LSD
(5%)
0 5 15 50 150 500
Shoot fresh weight
(mg/plantlet)
302.2 326 337.8 299 316.8 429.2 69.32
Shoot dry weight
(mg/plantlet)
29.8 36.8 39.2 34 36 49.2 7.64
Root fresh weight
(mg/plantlet)
96 108.76 136.78 79.04 78.44 65.66 12.45
Root dry weight
(mg/plantlet)
8.24 9.4 12.2 8.222 8.776 7.58 1.74
LSD – the values of least significant difference test at P < 0.05 Zakaria et al., 2018
10/14/2023 39

40. Table 6. Effect of different concentrations of soluble chitosan applied in the culture
medium on growth of potato Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Agria plantlets
Parameters Chitosan concentration (mg/l) LSD
(5%)
0 5 15 50 150 500
Plantlet length (cm) 13.7 14 13.1 12.1 13.5 10.1 2.43
Leaf number per
plantlet
8.8 8.2 9 8.6 9 9.8 1.8
Minituber number
per plant
2.44 2.833 2.2 2.833 2.778 3.333 0.542
Minituber yield
(g/plant)
13.81 14.88 14.64 13.39 14.48 15.56 1.15
LSD – the values of least significant difference test at P < 0.05 Zakaria et al., 2018
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41. Conclusion
 Soluble chitosan can be added without extra manipulation to the culture
medium before autoclaving
 Increase of yield and minituber number after application of 500 mg/l chitosan
was 12.6 and 36.3%, respectively
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42. Case study - 3
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) aeroponics for quality seed production
in North Eastern Himalayan region of India
Bag et al., 2017
Indian J. Agric. Sci., 85(10):1360-1364.
Objective : To evaluate the relative performance of Kufri Megha, Kufri Himalini and
Kufri Himsona varieties for mini-tuber production in the N-E hill region under an
aeroponics system.
10/14/2023 42

43. Materials and Methods
Location: Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
Experimental Design: Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
 Replication: 7
 Variety: K. Megha, K. Himsona, K. Himalini
Spacing: 16 cm × 14 cm
The pH: 5.5 to 6.5
Electrical conductance (EC): 2.0 to 2.5 d S/m
Bag et al., 2017
10/14/2023 43

44. Fig 7. Growth of potato micro plant during initial growth stages
Bag et al., 2017
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45. 2013
2014
Fig 8. Vegetative and tuberization period in potato varieties
Vegetative growth Tuberization
Bag et al., 2017
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46. Variety
Days to
tuberization
Days to
senescence
>90%
yellowing
No. of
MT/plant
Yield of
MT/plant
Average mini-
tuber weight
(g)
K. Megha 30.00 134.00 38.11 108.94 2.96
K. Himalini 60.00 127.00 27.04 102.16 3.87
K. Himsona 75.00 136.00 10.56 39.25 4.13
CD 2.21 5.43 1.48 4.74 0.08
Table 7. Yield performance of potato micro-plants of three varieties under aeroponics
system
Bag et al., 2017
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47. Conclusion
Aeroponics system can be successfully utilized for augmenting the production of
quality seed potato in the NE regions
The crop growth and crop protection schedule should be optimised based on
cultivars and crop growing condition for obtaining sustainable higher yield from
the aeroponics system
10/14/2023 47

48. Chau and Nhuan, 2022
Effect of photoperiod and nutritional-shock on increasing the
number of mini tubers from apical rooted cuttings grown in coco-
peat
Asian Plant Res. J., 9(2): 28-39
Objective: To optimize the effect of photoperiod and nutritional-shock on growth
performance and yield of first generation potato tuber production of potato plants.
Case study - 4
10/14/2023 48

49. Material and methods
Location: Vegetable and Flower Research Centre, Dalat, Vietnam.
Experimental Design: Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
Variety: Atlantic
Photoperiod : 5 photoperiods (8 h/day, 9h/day, 10h/day, 11h/day and Natural light)
Reducing N concentration : 0%; 25%; 50%; 75% and 100%
Nutritional-shock : 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 DAT-day after transplanting
Chau and Nhuan, 2022
10/14/2023 49

50. Table 8. Effect of light regime for potato minitubers production using root- cutting
seedlings from tissue culture plants on coco-coir substrate
Treatment
(hrs/day)
Height of
plant
(cm/week)
Average no
tubers per
plant
Average
weight of
tubers (g)
Tuber yield
(tubers/m2)
8 7.52a 5.3c 14.27 402.6c
9 7.41a 6.1b 15.34 445.8b
10 7.24a 7.4a 16.14 569.7a
11 7.11a 5.0c 16.21 394.2e
Natural light 5.13b 3.7d 16.27 299.4f
F Test * ** ns **
ns: none significant;* significant difference (p<0.05); ** significant difference(p<0.01)
Chau and Nhuan, 2022
10/14/2023 50

51. Table 9. Effect of nutritional shock for potato minitubers production
using root-cutting seedlings from tissue culture plants
Treatment
%
Stolons/Plant
Average No
Tubers/Plant
Average
Tuber Weight
(g)
Tuber Yield
(Tubers/m2 )
0 2.3e 3.0e 17.2a 97.6c
25 3.6d 4.3d 16.6b 122.0c
50 5.0c 6.0c 15.9c 167.6b
75 6.0b 7.3b 15.5d 207.3b
100 7.6a 9.3a 15.0e 264.6a
F Test ** ** * **
ns: none significant;* significant difference (p<0.05); ** significant difference(p<0.01)
Chau and Nhuan, 2022
10/14/2023 51

52. Table 10. Effect of nutrient shock treatment time for potato minitubers
production
Treatment
(DAT)
No
Stolons/Plant
Average No
Tubers/Plant
Average
Tuber
Weight (g)
Tuber yield
(tuber per
m2)
Standard
Tuber (%)
30 7.4a 9.2a 15.2b 270.7a 87.0
35 7.2a 9.0a 15.4b 262.3a 81.1
40 6.6b 7.9b 15.7a 234.0b 79.5
45 6.0c 7.5b 15.9a 216.3c 76.8
F Test * ** * ** **
ns: none significant;* significant difference (p<0.05); ** significant difference(p<0.01)
Chau and Nhuan, 2022
10/14/2023 52

53. Table 11. Effect of photoperiod and nutrient shock for potato minitubers production
using root-cutting seedlings from tissue culture plants on coco-coir substrate
ns: none significant;* significant difference (p<0.05); ** significant difference(p<0.01)
Chau and Nhuan, 2022
Parameters Photoperiod
Reducing N concentration (%)
Average P
75 100
Number of
stolons/plant
9h/day 4.0c 5.6b 4.8B
10h/day 5.6b 7.6a 6.3A
Average 4.5B 6.6A
F(N)*; F(P)**; F(NxP)**
Average number
of tubers/plant
9h/day 5.6c 7.6b 6.6B
10h/day 6.6bc 10.6a 8.6A
Average 6.1B 9.1A
F(N)**; F(P)**; F(NxP)**
Average tuber
weight/plant
9h/day 16.2a 15.2b 15.7a
10h/day 15.6ab 15.0b 15.3b
Average 15.9A 15.1B
F(N)*; F(P)*; F(NxP)*
Tuber Yield
(tubers m-2)
9h/day 139.0d 230.6b 184.8B
10h/day 164.3c 308.0a 236.1A
Average 151.6B 269.3A
F(N)*; F(P)*; F(NxP)*
10/14/2023 53

54. Conclusion
The effect of nutritional shock was obvious and the results were remarkable.
Photoperiod and nutritional shock successfully increased the yield by
improving the vegetative growth of plants.
10/14/2023 54

55. Gul., 2022
Effect of explant age and applied IBA on growth and rooting of
apical stem cuttings of potato for early generation seed potato
production
Asian J. Adv. Agric. Res., 20(1): 12-21
Objective: To study the effect of explant age and exogenously applied IBA on the
growth and rooting potential of potato apical stem cuttings for production of first-
generation seed potatoes.
Case study - 5
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56. Location : Hazara Agriculture Research Station, Abbottabad (Green House).
Variety : Roko.
Replication : 03
IBA concentrations : 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm
 Experiment design : 3 × 2 factorial RCBD
I. Factor one was IBA concentrations
II. Factor two was the physiological age of the explant (30 and 60 days old)
Material and methods
Gul., 2022
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57. Table 12. Per cent means root initiation in potato apical cuttings from 30
and 60 Days old mother plants treated with different IBA concentrations
IBA
Concentra
tion
% Root Initiation
After 10 days After 15 days After 20 days
30 Days
old
60 Days
old
30 Days
old
60 Days
old
30 Days
old
60 Days
old
100 ppm 0 0 53.33bc 33.33c 83.33a 66.67a
200 ppm 0 0 86.67a 60b 100a 93.33a
300 ppm 0 0 100a 86.67a 100a 100a
Gul., 2022
Means followed by different letters are significantly different at P≤0.05
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58. .
Fig 9. Apical mini cuttings of potato
variety Roko planted in peat moss soil
in the greenhouse after treatment with
different IBA concentrations
Fig 10. Root initiation in the apical
cuttings
Gul., 2022
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59. Table 13. Mean numbers of new fresh leaves and shoot length in potato apical cuttings of
30 and 60 Days old mother plants treated with different IBA concentrations
IBA Conc.
Shoot Length (cm) Leaf Number
After 30 Days After 50 Days After 30 Days After 50 Days
30
Days
old
60
Days
old
30
Days
old
60
Days
old
30 Days
old
60 Days
old
30 Days
old
60 Days
old
100 ppm 1.17c 1.2c 8.63c 8.1c 2.1ab 1.3b 10.6bc 9.3c
200 ppm 1.96ab 0.85c 9.16bc 8.2c 2.6ab 2.4ab 11.5b 9.8bc
300 ppm 2.45a 1.38c 11.5a 10.6ab 2.9ab 2.4ab 14.3a 11.3b
Gul., 2022
Means followed by different letters are significantly different at P≤0.05
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60. Table 14. Mean tuber number and average yield per plant in potato apical cuttings taken
from 30 and 60 Days old mother plants treated with different IBA concentrations
IBA
Conc
Average tuber number
Avg yield per
plant (g)
30 Days old 60 Days old 30
Days
old
60
Days
old
Large Medium Small Total Large Medium Small Total
100 ppm 1.00a 0.33b 2.66b 4.0bcd 0.33ab 0.33ab 2.66b 3.00d 119.6ab 71.5c
200 ppm 0.33a
b 1.00ab 3.67a
b 5.0b 0.00ab 0.00b 2.66b 3.33cd 101.8bc 78.4c
300 ppm 0.00b 1.66a 5.00a 6.66a 0.66b 0.66ab 3.66a
b 4.33bc 142.9a 87.1bc
Gul., 2022
Means followed by different letters are significantly different at P≤0.05
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61. .
• ..
Fig 11. The three tuber
categories based on weight i.e
large > 20g; medium 10-20g;
small < 10g (left to right)
Fig 12. Tubers harvested in 60 days old mother
plant cuttings (a); tubers from 30 days old age
group (b)
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62. Conclusion
Mini-cuttings from young in-vitro grown potato plants have higher rooting
capacity compared to mini-cuttings from mature plants
Moreover, IBA concentrations especially at higher level i.e 300 ppm has a
significant effect on most studied characteristics
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64.  Potato is vegetatively propagated by tubers in open field hence infection, multiplication
and accumulation of virus is a common problem in potato seed production
The seed multiplication rate is low and time duration is more to get breeder seed from
conventional system
To overcome these major problems, tissue culture based seed potato production
techniques must be used
The in-vitro multiplication of virus free micro plants and micro tuber followed by
minituber production and aeroponic techniques are very important
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69. The ARC project is being implemented in Hassan and Chikkamagalur
(CIP is working with the Green Innovation Centre (GIC) project and University of
Horticultural Sciences (UHS) Bagalkot)
ARC under Karnataka
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Farmers
Tissue culture plantlets for
Rs.1 selling the cuttings for
Rs.3
FPCs targeting at least five
farmers from each village
(G0 seed growers)
Share with at least 10
farmers in the same village.
(G1 seed)
10–15 seed growers entire
village.

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75. Source - Rapid Seed Potato Multiplication to Strengthen Potato Value Chain in Karnataka (Half – year
report 2021).
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