Fire accident is a mishap that could be either man made or natural. Fire accident occurs frequently and can be controlled but may at time result in severe loss of life and property. Many a times fire fighters struggle to sort out the exact source of fire as it is continuously flammable and it spreads all over the area. On this concern, we have designed an Internet – of – Things (IoT) based device which sorts out the exact source of fire through a software and hardware devices and also the complete detail of an area can be visualized by fire fighters which are preinstalled in the software itself. Because of our system’s intelligence in decision making during fire fighting, the proposed system is claimed as ‘Smart Fire Fighting System’. The implementation of the smart fire fighting system can make the fire fighters to analyze the current situation immediately and make the decision quicker in an effective manner. Because of this system, fire losses in a building can be greatly reduced and many lives can be rescued immediately and moreover fire spread can also be restricted.

1. BOHR International Journal of Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
2022, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 44–46
https://doi.org/10.54646/bijiam.007
www.bohrpub.com
An Internet – of – Things Enabled Smart Fire Fighting System
R. Subhaa, V. Kandavel∗, V. Nitheshkumar, P. Naveen Kumar, N. Parthasarathi and T. Ponsankar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul – 624 002,
Tamilnadu, India.
∗Corresponding author: vkvel3467@gmail.com
Abstract. Fire accident is a mishap that could be either man made or natural. Fire accident occurs frequently and
can be controlled but may at time result in severe loss of life and property. Many a times fire fighters struggle to sort
out the exact source of fire as it is continuously flammable and it spreads all over the area. On this concern, we have
designed an Internet – of – Things (IoT) based device which sorts out the exact source of fire through a software and
hardware devices and also the complete detail of an area can be visualized by fire fighters which are preinstalled
in the software itself. Because of our system’s intelligence in decision making during fire fighting, the proposed
system is claimed as ‘Smart Fire Fighting System’. The implementation of the smart fire fighting system can make
the fire fighters to analyze the current situation immediately and make the decision quicker in an effective manner.
Because of this system, fire losses in a building can be greatly reduced and many lives can be rescued immediately
and moreover fire spread can also be restricted.
Keywords: Internet of Things (IOT), Fire Fighting System, NodeMCU, Thinkspeak, Pyrofighter.
INTRODUCTION
The population in the world is about >7 billion and most
of the people try to gather in the same place where wealth
is constant. Also people move from place to place due
to modernization and urbanization. Many of the places
in the world are clustered by shops, buildings and large
apartments. Hence, in such places, accidents if occur in
form of fire and in several other forms cause severe loss
of men and material. In India, a reputed newspaper, The
Indian Express conducted a study in the malls, apartments
and in all commercial buildings, according to this study,
most of the malls and apartments does not have proper
fire safety system and proper awareness on it. There are
many advanced firefighting systems and techniques but
most of them are not interested as the main reason behind
is that it requires high initial investment. Implementation
of effective budgetary controlled smart firefighting system
will overcome these difficulties. Most of technology are
automated and are controlled through internet of things
(IoT) in order to sort out these difficulties in firefighting
and make a required solution this smart firefighting system
was introduced this makes the firefighting simpler and
decision making can be done in a short time period.
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Firefighting system includes both hardware and software
design. Hardware design contains following components.
K-type thermocouple: A thermocouple is a sensor used to
measure temperature. Thermocouples consist of two wire
legs made from different metals. The wires legs are welded
together at one end, creating a junction. This junction is
where the temperature is measured. When the junction
experiences a change in temperature, a voltage is created.
The type K is the most common type of thermocouple.
It’s inexpensive, accurate, reliable, and has a wide temper-
ature range.
MQ2 gas sensor: It is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
type Gas Sensor also known as Chemiresistors as the
detection is based upon change of resistance of the sensing
material when the Gas comes in contact with the material.
Using a simple voltage divider network, concentrations of
gas can be detected. It can detect LPG, Smoke, Alcohol,
Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and Carbon Monoxide con-
centration anywhere from 200 to 10000 ppm.
Node MCU: Node MCU means Node Micro Controller
Unit. The widely used ESP8266-12E WiFi module serves
44

2. An Internet – of – Things Enabled Smart Fire Fighting System 45
Figure 1. PCB layout of smart fire fighting system.
as the foundation for the open source Node MCU devel-
opment board and software. It enables use of the Arduino
IDE or the straightforward and potent LUA programming
language to programme the ESP8266 WiFi module. It can
be controlled by arduino program. Hardware is designed
by autodesk eagle software. All the components are placed
in the correct potion and all the connections are made by
the software itself. Figure 1 shows the PCB layout of the
proposed smart fire fighting system.
Pyrofighter is the website which is created for this
project. This website provides structural view and details
of building. The building model is created in software and
inserted in this page. It gives 3D view of building from
all projections and detailed building plan. Every floor has
detailed plan and description about the each room. And
it also provides internal images of each room and things
which is presented in that room and description about the
things and their quantity. This website can be accessed
from the website link: http::Pyro_fighter%202%20(1)/Pyro
_fighter/PyroHome.html. Figure 2 shows the home page
design of Pyrofighter website.
Using the HTTP and MQTT protocols over the Inter-
net or over a Local Area Network, Thing Speak is an
open-source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API
that stores and retrieves data from objects. Application
development for location tracking, sensor logging, and a
social network of things with status updates are all made
possible by Thing Speak. It is an IoT analytics platform that
enables cloud-based data aggregation, visualisation, and
analysis of real-time data streams. ThingSpeak provides
instant visualizations of data posted by users device to
ThingSpeak. With the ability to execute matlab code in
ThingSpeak user can perform online analysis and process-
ing of the data as it comes in.
Pushbullet is one of the fastest and easiest way to get
links, notes, lists, files, and addresses both from user desk-
top computer to their mobile device and vice versa.
Thinkspeak website and push bullet websites which are
the part of this project are also linked with this website
itself. The data required for this website is collected and
uploaded here from the building while implementing this
firefighting system in that building.
Figure 2. Home page of pyrofighter website.
Figure 3. Working of smart fire fighting system.
IMPLEMENTATION AND WORKING
The program for firefighting system is uploaded to the
NodeMCU and the whole firefighting kit is placed in all the
rooms of the building. That program contains connectivity
details for wifi and thingspeak channel. Each and every
details of the building is collected and uploaded with
images in pyrofighter website.
Figure 3 shows the working of smart fire fighting system.
When the building gets fire, it will produce smoke and fire.
The smoke from fire is detected by the MQ2 gas sensor and
this analog values are converted into digital values and
it is analyzed by the NodeMCU. When the concentration
of the smoke is above 100 ppm then this microcontroller
system will send signal to the buzzer alarm. The alarm will
function until the smoke concentration is reduced. When
the smoke sensor is triggered by the smoke it will force
the pushbullet channel to send fire alert notification to
the building owner’s phone and building security’s phone
via internet. Figure 4 shows the Thinkspeak channel values
of fire.
Thermocouple always measure the temperature of the
room and convert the data into digital data and send all
the data to cloud storage via internet. The sensor data
is updated in the cloud for every 20 seconds. The data
from the cloud storage is analyzed by the Thingspeak
channel. Thingspeak channel plot the graph using the data

3. 46 R. Subhaa et al.
Figure 4. Thingspeak channel showing values of fire.
Figure 5. 3D image and plan of the building in pyrofighter
website.
stored in the cloud. This graphical representation helps
the firefighter to understand the exact situation inside the
room. Likewise all the sensors from each room will give
current temperature to the Thingspeak channel. This data
will help the firefighter to understand the situation and
condition of the fire. Pushbullet service is also connected
with cloud storage.
Moreover the fire fighters can also visualize the building
by the 3D images and plan of the building from the pyro
fighter website. When the fire fighter is approaching the
fire accident sight, he will get two types of data namely
data about fire and density of fire and data about the
building. The data about the fire is viewed by Thinkspeak
channel. It shows the density of fire by graphical form with
quick updates. The data about the building were viewed
from pyrofighter which provide 3D image of the building,
detailed floor plan of the building, description about each
room and things inside each room with their description
and quantity. Both data help the fire fighter to understand
the exact condition of the fire and exact location of fire.
This implementation can make the fire fighters to ana-
lyze the current situation immediately and make the deci-
sion quicker in an effective manner. By the implementation
of this system fire losses in a building can be greatly
reduced and many a lives can be rescued immediately and
moreover fire spread can also be restricted.
RESULTS
The process of firefighting system is executed as per the
procedures and the results are as followed. The system
was tested to its maximum frequency and it withstands
a temperature about 500◦C. Also it shows the entire data
completely with minimum errors .So hopefully it can work
up to a temperature about 1200◦C.
The response time of the system is as expected as it has
not delayed at any time during the process. The response
time of the whole system is about 20 to 30 seconds.
CONCLUSION
By the implementation of the smart fire fighting system,
the fire fighters can analyze the situation immediately and
make the decision quicker and in an effective manner. And
also by this system fire losses in a building can be greatly
reduced and many lives can be rescued immediately and
moreover fire spread can also be restricted to other areas.
So, it can be concluded that the smart firefighting system is
effective both in cost and in processing.
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