This document provides an overview of different language teaching methods throughout history from a European and American perspective. It outlines several periods for the European vision including the Classical period focusing on grammar rules, the Reform period emphasizing similar acquisition to a first language, and the Scientific and Communicative periods prioritizing oral proficiency and teaching communication through use. For the American vision, it describes methods like grammar translation, audiolingualism, and affective approaches. It also notes how methods have reacted to perceived issues with previous approaches and lists some contemporary trends.

1. A brief overview of Methods
European vision

2. CLASSICAL
PERIOD
•Focus on grammatical rules, syntactic structures, along with
rote memorization of vocabulary and translation of literary
texts.
•Grammar Translation
REFORM
PERIOD
•Second language learning is similar to first language learning
•The Natural Method
•Berlitz Method
•Direct Method Gouin 1880

3. THE
SCIENTIFIC
PERIOD
• The need to become orally proficient in the languages
• Oral Method
• Situational Approach
• Audiolingual Method
• Audiovisual Method
THE
COMMUNICATI
VE PERIOD
• Defined and redefined the construct of communicative
competence; the vast array of functions of language that
learners are supposed to be able to accomplish; to teach
(about) communication through actual communication,
not merely theorising about it.
• Notional Functional Syllabus
• Communicative Language Teaching
• Task-Based Learning

4. A brief overview of Methods
American vision

5. • Grammar-translation
• Direct ‘Method’
• Reading Approach
• Audiolingualism
• Cognitive Code
• Affective/humanistic Approach
• Functional/ESP Approach

6. • Certain features of each approach outlined above
arose in reaction to perceived inadequacies or
impracticalities in an earlier approach or
approaches.

7. The arrows are used to reinforce an approximate historical
sequence

8. • Then appeared Methods compatible with the
Cognitive Code, the Affective/humanistic
Approach, or the Functional Approach

9. • Suggestology or Suggestopedia (Lozanov)
• Total Physical Response (Asher)
• Natural Approach
• Community Language Learning (Curran)
• Silent Way (Gattegno)

10. Methods application
Real-world EFL classroom
• A two-hour session twice a week or a one-
hour session three times a week
• Crowded classes with 40 or more students
• Desks nailed to the floor
• Inadequate textbooks, if any
• No AV equipment or materials

11. From 20th century to now
• Communicative Language Teaching
Contemporary trends
• Task-Based Learning
• Cooperative Learning
• Computer aided Language Learning
• Content-based Instruction
• CLIL