textile lecture presentation

1. Introduction to textile
manufacturing
(Txt-175)
By: Nirmal Ma

2. WHAT IS TEXTILES?

3. “A textileis a flexible woven material consisting of a
network of natural or artificial fibers often referred
to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced
by spinning raw fibers to produce long
strands. Textiles are formed by weaving,
knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibers
together. Textiles are often associated with
the production of clothing”

5. IMPORTANCE AND USES OF TEXTILES
• Textile products play a vital role in meeting
man’s basic needs.
• We often only consider textiles to be the
clothes we wear.
• Textiles are also important in all aspects of our
lives from birth to death.
BUT HOW….?

6. IMPORTANCE AND USES OF TEXTILES
Food Industry
• Farmers wear protective clothing to spray
their crops with pesticides.
• Textiles are used to cover plants and wrap
trees for protection from weather and insects.
• Coffee filters and tea bags are made of a
nonwoven textile.

7. IMPORTANCE AND USES OF TEXTILES
Building Materials
• Textiles are used in our homes to insulate
them from heat and cold.
• The furniture, on which we sit and sleep, is
composed of various types of textile products.
• Textiles are used in roofing materials, wire
coverings, wall coverings, blinds, air ducts and
window screens.

8. IMPORTANCE AND USES OF TEXTILES
Transportation
• Textiles used to line the beds of the roads
before they are paved.
• A tire gets seventy five percent of its strength
from textiles.
• Kevlar aramid is often used to strengthen
radial tires because it is lightweight and five
times stronger than steel.
• The interiors of all types of transportation
vehicles are covered with textiles.
• Textiles are also used in the brake linings,
gaskets, seals, seat belts, air bags and filters of
vehicles.
• The Lear Fan Jet airplane body is composed of
100 percent carbon fiber composite material.
This carbon material is half the weight of
aluminum and as strong as steel.
• The heat shields on spacecraft are composed
of a fiber that will withstand 20,000 degrees
Fahrenheit.

9. IMPORTANCE AND USES OF TEXTILES
• Health Industry
Textiles are used as life saving devices in the
healthcare industry.
• The artificial kidney used in dialysis is made of
7,000 hollow fibers and is only two inches in
diameter.
• The Jarvik-7 artificial heart is composed of
over fifty percent textiles and has Velcro
fittings.
• Artificial arteries made of knitted polyester.
• The invention of disposable clothing helps
prevent the spread of bacteria.
• Sutures for wounds are now made of a
dissolvable textile fiber.
• Casts for broken bones, surgical masks,
bandages and gloves are other examples of
textiles used in the healthcare industry.

10. IMPORTANCE AND USES OF TEXTILES
Protective Textiles
• Bulletproof vests.
• Firefighters and race-car drivers
wear apparel made of Nomex
aramid to protect them from the
extreme heat they encounter in
their professions.
• Astronauts wear suits made of
Nomex aramid that protect them
from the elements of space.
• Sports players wear protective
helmets and pads made of
textiles.

11. IMPORTANCE AND USES OF TEXTILES
Recreational Products
• Sports equipment such as sailboats, hockey
sticks, fishing rods, golf clubs and tennis
rackets are composed of textile fibers.
• Backpacks, balls, life jackets and artificial
playing surfaces are also made of textile
fibers.

12. IMPORTANCE AND USES OF TEXTILES
Miscellaneous Textile Products
Other products composed of textiles that are not usually
thought of as textile products are as follows:
• Toothbrushes
• Hair Brushes
• Dental Floss
• Artificial Flowers/Plants
• Book Bindings
• Candle Wicks
• Communication Lines
• Circuit Boards

13. MANUFACTURING OF TEXTILES

15. TEXTILE FIBRE
Fiber:
It is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of
the tissues of a plant or animal or other
substances that are very small in diameter in
relation to there length.
Textile Fiber:
Textile fiber has some characteristics which differ
between fiber to Textile fiber. Textile fiber can be
spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various
methods including weaving, knitting, braiding,
felting, and twisting.

16. PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE FIBRE
Primary Properties
• Length
• Flexibility (Pliability)
• Cohesion
• Tenacity (Sufficient strength)
• Uniformity
• Acceptable Extensibility for the processes
Secondary Properties
• Absorbency
• Fineness
• Elasticity
• Durability
• Flammability
• Luster

17. CLASSIFICATION OF TEXTILE FIBER
Textile Fiber
Natural Fiber Man Made Fiber

18. NATURAL FIBER
Natural fibers include those produced by plants,
animals, and geological processes. They are
biodegradable over time.

20. MAN MADE FIBER
It is also known as
Manufactured fiber. Synthetic
or man-made fibers generally
come from synthetic materials
such as petrochemicals. But
some types of synthetic fibers
are manufactured from
natural cellulose

21. ADVANTAGES OF MAN MADE FIBER
• Synthetic fibers do not depend either on an
agricultural crop or on animal farming.
• Artificially made, hence available plentifully.
• They are generally cheaper than natural fiber.
• Easy to wash and dry up quickly.
• More stain resistant than natural fibers.
• Resistant to insects, fungi and rot.
• Pick-up different dyes readily.
• Stronger and more durable than natural fibers.

22. DISADVANTAGES OF MAN MADE
FIBER
• Synthetic fibers burn more readily than natural fibers.
• Prone to heat damage. Melt relatively easily.
• Prone to damage by hot washing.
• More electrostatic charge is generated by rubbing than
with natural fibers.
• Not skin friendly, so uncomfortable for long wearing.
• Allergic to some persons.
• Non-biodegradable in comparison to natural fibers.