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CHAPTER 7
FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS
ABI ZIHNI
PIPING DEPARTMENT – PT REKAYASA
INDUSTRI
OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BASIS DESIGN OF BELLOW ELEMENTS
3. APPLICATIONS OF BELLOW EXPANSION JOINTS
4. COLD SPRUNG OF EXPANSION JOINT
5. TYPES OF EXPANSION JOINTS
6. TYPES OF FLEXIBLE HOSES
INTRODUCTION
“Flexible joint are used in piping systems to
absorb thermal expansion or terminal
movement”
General Nomenclature Of Flexible
Joint
Why we should use flexible
joint??
• Available space is not enough to provide
expansion loop
• Large high-temperature & low pressure which
is required huge expansion loop that would
have been too expensive and too much
space to install
• Equipment allowable load is so low
• A line that cannot tolerate the pressure drop
from the loop
• To isolate vibration from process machine to
the piping
Why we shouldn’t use flexible
joint??
• Special items which is required special
engineering
• Extra cost
• Need periodic inspection and maintenance
• It requires expertise in engineering
• It is difficult to provide insulation covering to
accommodate the flexing requirement
• A horizontal joint tends to trap liquid and
sediment
• Special supports are needed
• The flexible joint poses weaker link in the
system
BASIS DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE
ELEMENT
BASIS DESIGN OF BELLOW
ELEMENT
ecom ≤ ex, allow
BASIS DESIGN OF BELLOW
ELEMENT
BASIS DESIGN OF BELLOW
ELEMENT
Torsional movement
“The bellow shouldn’t be
subjected to any torsional
moment”
BASIS DESIGN OF BELLOW
ELEMENT
ex ≤ ex, allow
Non-concurrent movement :
BASIS DESIGN OF BELLOW
ELEMENT
Concurrent movement :
COLD SPRUNG of Expansion Joint
“Expansion joint is generally cold spring for 50% or
more of the expected movement”
Main advantages
• Force reduction
• Stability against internal pressure
• Belllow clearance
• Component clearance such as internal sleeves,
external covers, tie devices.
Thrust Force
Anchoring & Guiding
Anchoring & Guiding
Effect of Thrust Force without Anchor
Effect of thermal expansion without proper guides
Anchoring & Guiding
Special Guide
Alignment Guide
Anchoring & Guiding
Type of Expansion Joint
1. Hinge
2. Gimbal
3. Slip Joint
4. Axial Joint
5. Untied Universal Joint
6. Universal Joint
Hinge
Gimbal
Slip Joint
Axial Joint
Untied Universal Joint
Universal Joint
Flexible Hose
“Flexible Hoses are used to connect
two distant points with considerable
relative movement”
Types of Metallic Hoses
Types of Metallic Hoses
Hose Length Required for General Loop
Comparison between Expansion Joint,
Expansion Loop, and Flexible Hoses
Design Consideration of Exp.
Joint in Piping System
Design Consideration of Exp.
Joint in Piping System
TERIMA KASIH

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7. expansion joint.pptx