safety in tpp

1. Occupational Health Hazard at
Thermal Power Plant
Dabbroto B Bhadra
SH19012

2. Occupational health
It refers to the potential risks to health and safety for
those who work outside the home
Hazard
It is something which has a potential to cause harm
Occupational disease
Disease directly caused by a person’s occupation.
Introduction

3. Thermal Power Plant
Thermal power generation plant or
thermal power station is the most
conventional source of electric power.
Thermal power plant is also referred as coal
thermal power plant and steam turbine
power plant.

4.  Physical hazards
Heat
NOISE
VIBRATION
ILLUMINATION
RADIATION
 Chemical
 Biological
 Mechanical-electrical
 Psychosocial
Types Of Occupational Hazards

5. The direct and indirect effect of heat are:
• Burns
• Heat exhaustion
• Heat stroke
• Heat cramp
• Decreased efficiency
• Increased fatigue
• Enhanced accident rates
HEAT

6. Disorder
 Prickly Heat
 Heat cramp
 Heat Exhaustion
 Heat stroke
 Heat syncope
Clinical Features
 Pruritic rash
 Cyanosis Muscle
twitching
 Falling unconscious due
to exposure to high
temperature
Health Effect of heat stress

7.  Industrial noise can give rise to deafness
 Non auditory effects are irritation, nervousness, annoyance,
fatigue, inefficiency etc.
 Hearing loss in most cases is not sudden but increases with the
length of the work time in the noisy zone.
 Types of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Temporary Threshold Shift (auditory fatigue)
Temporary loss of hearing acuity after
 exposure to loud noise
Recovery within 16-48 hrs.
Permanent Threshold Shift
Irreversible loss of hearing
Noise

8. Segmental Vibration
Vibration especially 10 to 500 Hz, can affect hand and arm after years of
exposure
Health Effects:
— Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)
The fine blood vessel of finger becomes increasingly sensitive to spasm (white
fingers).
— Tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers pain
Whole Body Vibration:
 Health effects:
 Fatigue
 Irritability
 Headache
 Disorders of the spine
Vibration

9. Health Effects
POOR ILLUMINATION
 Visual Fatigue
 Eye pain
 Headaches
 Painful irritation
 Lacrimation(flow of
tears)
BRIGHTNESS
 Blurring Vision
 Discomfort annoyance
Inadequate illumination

10. Radiation
Non ionizing (Ultraviolet) Radiation hazard
It can be seen in work with arc welding and mainly affects the
eyes.
Exposure to such radiation may lead to Conjunctivitis and
Keratitis
(Welder’ s flash)
Ionizing radiation hazards[X room/ CT]
Anemia
Leukemia
Cancer
Ulceration
In extreme cases death can take place

11. Chemical Hazards
Chemical hazards –
1. Dust
2. Smoke
3. Fumes
4. Poisonous gases
5. Acids
6. Alkalis
They enter our body
through
• Lung diseases
• Internal blood and other
diseases

12. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
Occur due to
 Large number of equipment
 Crowded workplace condition
 Frequent interaction between worker and
equipment
 Insecurely fixed machines
 Worn and tear part
 Failure of SOP
 Dangerous part
 Negligence
 Improper maintenance of equipment

13. The most common electrical hazards are
 Electrical shock
 Electrocution ( death due to electric shock)
 Burns
 Fall
Electrical HAZARDS

14. Exposure to infective and parasitic agents like
viruses, fungi, bacteria etc. at the place of work
 Insect bite
 Dog bite
 Snake bite
Biological HAZARDS

15. FACTORS -
•Mal adjustment
with work
environment
•Lack of job
satisfaction
• Insecurity
• Poor human
relationships
• Excessive work
•Tension
•Inability to
concentrate
•Irritability
•Memory loss
Behaviors
changes
•Anxiety/DepressionHealth problems
·Fatigue
·Headache
·Hypertension
·Heart disease
·Peptic ulcer
PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS

16. The different types of systems and components used
in steam power plant are as follows:
1.Coal handling plant
2.D.M. plant
3. Boiler and furnace
4. Turbine and Generator
5. Transformer and switch yard
6.Ash handling plant
7.Cable gallery
8. Fuel Storage Tank /Pump House/Batter
Various components in Thermal power plant

17. The thermal power plant consist several risk and hazard in their
various part of plant and its operational
Processes
 “coal dust explosion” in the coal storage area and coal mill where
fine particles of the coal present may occur when concentration of
coal dust particles are within the explosive range.
 boiler room which includes furnace, boiler tank, water & steam
tubes and exists for byproduct of coal combustion operation like
fly ash, suspended ash and flue gases
 The boiler room has risk of fire and explosion may caused Due to
improper ignition of fuel, lack of air supply in combustion
chamber, improper pulverized coal lack of water, over pressure &
over temperature, cracks & metal fatigue in boiler body.
PROBLEM FORMULATION

18.  Flue gas the byproduct of combustion in furnace content high
pollutant like SOx , NOx , CO2 and fumes of heavy metals
like arsenic (Ar), Mercury (Hg), Boron (B). When they emits
in excess amount from the permissible limit can cause hazard
to flora and fauna.
 There are several other hazards which can be listed to analyze
for reduction are electrocution, Thermal Exposure, physical
hazard, chemical exposure hazard, noise in turbine room,
chronic and acute health hazard
PROBLEM FORMULATION

19. Various Hazard in Thermal power plant

20. Various Hazard in Thermal power plant

21. Various Hazard in Thermal power plant

22. Various Hazard in Thermal power plant

23. Effect of pollutants

24. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Effective temperature and heat effect in an
environment can be controlled by
 Increasing air change
 Reducing radiated heat by insulation
 Reflection of heat
 Drinking plenty of water and intake of salt
 Use of PPE

25. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Noise control
 Reducing vibration
 Enclosing the noise producing equipment
 Enclosing the operator
 Moving away from the noisy area
 Use of rotation shift to reduce the effect of exposure
 Use of PPE

26. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Vibration control Techniques
 Continuous working should be avoided
 Using anti vibration techniques
 Safe working practice
 Employee education

27. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Insufficient light as a hazard can be controlled by
 Providing sufficient lighting at working area
 Increasing light requirement with age of person to
see and work at the object
 No dark spot should be left in the work area which
can lead to accident and strain to eyes due to change
in the light intensity continuously.

28. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases

29. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Prevention from Pneumoconiosis (Black lung disease)
Dust control : Reduction of dust emission by suppression by wetting
coal in
wagons, at the time of tippling, water spray in coal conveyors
· Proper Ventilation
· Exhaust
· Enclosed apparatus
· Good house keeping
Personnel protection: Mask, clothing, apron, boots barrier cream
etc.
Personal hygiene
Health education about respiratory evolvement and personal
protection
Medical control : Periodic medical check up for early detection

30. Anticipated health impacts due to ambient PM2.5 from
the proposed coal fired TPPs In INDIA

31. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Hazardous chemicals used in
thermal power stations:
Chlorine
Hydrochloric acid
Euphoric acid
Hydrazine hydrate
Liquor ammonia
Sodium hydroxide
Prevention
 Knowledge of chemical
 Knowledge of processing plant
 Knowledge of operator

32. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Prevention from mechanical hazards
Machine guard and proper PPE
 Fixed guard : Only open with a proper tool
 Interlocking : Machine will not operate unless guard is closed
 Automatic : Automatically moves into position as the machine is
started

33. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Preventive measures for electrical hazard:
 Do not wear many metal object or jewelry while working near to
electrical equipment or machines
 After use power off
 Wear appropriate clothing to avoid get statically charged.
 Only qualified person should repair and maintain the electrical
equipment
 Always follow warning signs
 Use right equipment while operating or handling the electrical
machine
 Avoid unnecessary contact with live electrical cable or machines
 Maintenance of electrical equipment, breaker etc. to avoid it from
flash back or flash arc

35. How to control Hazards
3 Step process
 Step 1 : Hazard Identification Techniques
 Step 2 : List, rank and Set priorities for hazardous job
 Step 3 : Controlling hazard

36. How to control Hazards
Hazard Identification Techniques
 Safety audit : A systematic & independent examination of all or part
of a total operating system to determine whether safety activities
comply with planned arrangements.
 Safety survey : Safety survey is a detailed & in-depth examination of
a narrow field of activity
 Safety inspection : A routine scheduled inspection of a department
or unit which may be carried out by personnel within the unit
 Safety tour : Safety tour is an unscheduled examination of a work
area, carried out by any personnel from manager to safety committee
members to ensure that company’s safety standards and procedures
are being observed
 Safety sampling : A specific application of safety inspection / tour
designed for random sampling of any activity posing serious accident
potential

37. How to control Hazards
List, rank and set priorities for hazardous jobs
 List jobs with hazards that present unacceptable
risks, based on those most likely to occur and with
the most severe consequences.
 These jobs should be your first priority for analysis.

38. Effective solution to various occupation Diseases
Controlling Hazards
Finding Solutions to Control Hazards and execution
of measures
Hazard can be eliminated
(i)At the Source
(ii)Along the path from hazard to the Worker
(iii)At the level of the worker

39. Controlling Hazard
Hazard Removal at the Source
Elimination – Getting rid of a hazardous job, tool, machine or
substance is perhaps the best way of protecting workers.
Substitution –Sometimes doing the same work in a less
hazardous way is possible.
Redesign – Jobs and processes can be reworked to make
them safer.
Automation – Dangerous processes can be automated or
mechanized.

40. Hazard Removal along the path from Hazard to
Worker
1.Barriers- A hazard can be blocked before it reaches
workers. Proper equipment guarding will protect workers
from contacting moving parts.
2. Absorption - Enclosures can block or absorb noise.
3.Dilution - Some hazards can be diluted or dissipated. For
example, ventilation systems can dilute toxic gasses before
they reach operators.
Controlling Hazard

41. Hazard Removal at the Level of Worker
 Work procedures, supervision and training
 Job rotations and other procedures can reduce the
time that workers are exposed to a hazard
 Housekeeping, repair and maintenance programs
 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Controlling Hazard

42. conclusion
 As we all have enlisted the major occupational hazards
in Thermal power plant. Most of the hazards can be
controlled and we can minimize the risk.
 But it is also to be noted that it cannot be eliminated
because working at thermal power plant is always at
high risk. But it is necessity for our power generation
 So the major thing we can approach is make favorable
the work environment and the minimize the health risk
and if possible to control it to the environment aspect as
well