This document discusses listening and speaking skills. It defines listening as a conscious effort that requires concentration, unlike hearing which is passive. Various barriers to effective listening are described, including environmental, linguistic, psychological, physiological, perceptual, content, and personal barriers. Speaking is defined as conveying thoughts and feelings through spoken language. The importance of speaking skills for informing, persuading and directing others is covered. Techniques for effective speaking include preparing, maintaining eye contact, avoiding interruptions and focusing on content rather than delivery. Factors like voice, clarity, audience focus, examples and time management contribute to effective speaking.

1. Listening & Speaking
Skills
Presented To: Sir Waleed
Presented By: Huma Saleem
Ayesha Afzal
Syeda Qurat ul ann
Amna Safder

2. LISTENING SKILLS
Listening skills are ways to help you
listen to something more effectively.

3. What is Listening?
The word listen refers to making an effort to
hear something or pay attention to someone
speaking or to some specific sound.

4. Hearing and Listening…
Hearing and Listening are not same.

5. Differences between hearing
and listening…
Hearing Listening
• Hearing is merely the ability
of ear to sense sounds around
one.
• Non-selective and involuntary
process for anyone that CAN
hear.
• Easy, physical and passive
process.
• Hearing is when the sound
reaches your ears.
• Listening is more of conscious
effort to interpret the sounds,
requiring concentration of mind.
• Listening is voluntary , It takes
intention and attention.
• Active mental process; attempt
to make meaning of what we
hear.
• Listening is when it reaches
your brain.

6. Techniques for Effective
Listening
 Prepare to listen.
 Avoid pre-judgments.
 Be open-minded.
 Establish eye contact.
 Don’t interrupt.
 Judge content, not delivery.
 Extract key points.
 Give feedback.
 Block out distractions.

7. Barriers To Effective
Listening
o Environmental Barriers.
o Linguistic Barriers.
o Psychological Barriers.
o Physiological Barriers.
o Perceptual Barriers.
o Content Barrier.
o Personal Barriers.

8. Environmental Barriers
The following, if encountered, can make us switch off from what is being said,
to allow our minds to temporarily concentrate on our surroundings:
1. The room too hot or too cold
2. The chair uncomfortable
3. Too bright or too dim lightining
4. Bad ventilation; stuffy/smoky atmosphere
7. Sights
5. Noise
6. Smells

9. Linguistic Barriers
Linguistic barriers derive from the speaker and make it difficult for them to be
listened to. They can be summarized as follows :
1. Jargon or specialist
language
6. Complex sentences
7. Complex vocabulary
4. Hesitant manner
2. Monotonous
voice
3.Inappropriate
tone
5. Badly organized material
8. Delivery too fast
9. Delivery too slow
10. Delivery too loud

10. Psychological Barriers
Emotional states which are brought to the communication or result from it
can come between what is being said an effective listening and
understanding, for example :
2. Own anxiety
3. Frustration, inability to
put across ideas
4. Status difference
1. Anger
5. Prejudice

11. Physiological Barriers
The physical condition of the listener can affect concentration and restrict
the amount of information taken in, for example :
1. Headache
3. Tiredness
5. Poor eyesight
2. Hearing
impairment
4. Discomfort, pain, illness

12. Perceptual Barriers
The speaker and the listener sometimes see the same situation from a
different point of view and this can affect understanding (e.g. parent and child).
Examples of other perceptual barriers are:
•Social/cultural background differences
•Unexpected attitude
•Different expectations
•Appearance of speaker
•Mannerisms
•Accents

13. Content Barrier
What the speaker is saying, it may also be a barrier to the listener:
1. Subject of the discussion does not interest us
2. Speaker goes on for too long
3. Speaker is saying what we don't want to hear
4. We have heard it all before
5. Content is too difficult/simplistic
6. Content is repetitious

14. Personal Barriers
The listener may put up personal barriers:
1.Preoccupied with own problems
2.Thinking about own response
without hearing speaker
4.Monopolizing the conversation, dominant
speaking
3.Looking for every opportunity to
interrupt

15. What is Speaking?
The action of conveying information or
expressing one's thoughts and feelings in
spoken language.
Speaking is the act of
generating words that can
be understood by listeners.

16. Importance Of Speaking Skills
Ability to convey your information in a proper
way.
Encouraging people to communicate with each
other.
Ability to inform, persuade, and direct.

17. Speaking consist of 3parts
To Speak
To Speak
To Speak

18. WHY
“The man who can think and does not
know how to express what he thinks is at
the level of him who cannot think.”

19. Why to Speak
• Not just “presentation”, but also “persuasion”
• Get people’s “mindshare”
The Origin Point
(Where the audience was)
Persuasion
The Key Point
(Where you took them)

20. What to Speak
1. Brain storming:
Individual Brainstorming is the
process of you getting your ideas out on paper
2. Speaking with the format:
IBC :- I- Introduction, B- Body, C- Conclusion,
3. Aiming to persuasion :
Being Confident and passionate is the key
for persuasion
4. Perfect Clarity of thoughts.

21. How to Speak
Speak like a STAR
S= Situation
T= Task
A= Attitude
R= Result

22. Types of Speaking
• Informal speaking
• Formal speaking
 Group discussion
 Job interview
 Meetings & Conference
 Public Speaking & Presentations

23. Interaction & Turn-taking
• Sometimes a face to face dialogue is involved in
speaking.
• Turn-taking is negotiated because speakers are
familiar with the rules and skills of turn-taking.
Two rules are to be followed:
I. Long silences are to avoided.
II. Listen when other speakers are speaking.

24. Salient Features of Speaking
• Commanding yet friendly voice
• Perfect clarity of language, thoughts and ideas.
• Listener Friendly
• Comprising of anecdotes, wit and humour
• Creating a bond between speaker and listener

25. Effective Speaking Skills
 Think before you speak.
 Know your message.
 Know something about the audience.
 Get to the easier points. Then, it is easier for the
listener to remember what you said.
 Use easy language and use simple words.
 Give importance to the subject and Voice
should be clear and sweet.
 Illustrate with examples.
 Stick to the time schedule.
 Have the facts and respond
well to questions.

26. References:
• https://www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/PublicS
peaking.htm
• https://effortlessenglishclub.com/improve-
english-speaking-skills
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/womensmedia/2
012/11/09/10-steps-to-effective-listening/