A way forward for Pakistan. A country Which is Victim of Terrorism

2. SEQUENCE
Introduction to Religious Extremism
Religious Extremism in History, in Focus, and in Pakistan
Effect of Religious Extremism on our Relations with the
West
Effect of Religious Extremism on the economy of
Pakistan
Viability of adopting the concept of Enlightened
Moderation
Recommendations
Conclusion

5. is a rigid adherence to the most basic and
traditional principles and beliefs of that
religion.
is a rigid adherence to the most basic and
traditional principles and beliefs of that
religion.

6. Fairly a recent phenomenon linked with the historical
and cultural contexts of 1920s U.S. Protestantism.
Fairly a recent phenomenon linked with the historical
and cultural contexts of 1920s U.S. Protestantism.
Then the term has been ‘exported’ abroad and applied
to a wide variety of religions including Bhudhism,
Jainism and Islam.
Then the term has been ‘exported’ abroad and applied
to a wide variety of religions including Bhudhism,
Jainism and Islam.

8. FORMS OF RELIGIOUS
EXTREMISM
• Non Violent Forms
• Violent Forms
• Non Violent Forms
• Violent Forms

9. NON VIOLENT FORMS

10. VIOLENT FORMS
• CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE.
• TARGET KILLINGS.
• SECTARIAN KILLINGS
• VIOLENT PROCESSIONS.
• OPEN AND DECLARED WARS.
• CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE.
• TARGET KILLINGS.
• SECTARIAN KILLINGS
• VIOLENT PROCESSIONS.
• OPEN AND DECLARED WARS.

11. ISLAMIC VIEW POINT OF
EXTREMISM.
ISLAMIC VIEW POINT OF
EXTREMISM.
• No place for Extremism.
“There is no compulsion and coercion in
Religion”(2,256)
• Islam strongest upholder of freedom of religion and
faith.
“Proclaim, this is Truth from your Lord: now
whosoever will may accept it and whosoever will may
reject it”(18,29)
• Good relations with non Muslims even if they are
making joke of Islamic teachings,
“And o Muhammad, when you see people finding
fault with our revelations, withdraw from them till they
get engaged in other talk”.
• No place for Extremism.
“There is no compulsion and coercion in
Religion”(2,256)
• Islam strongest upholder of freedom of religion and
faith.
“Proclaim, this is Truth from your Lord: now
whosoever will may accept it and whosoever will may
reject it”(18,29)
• Good relations with non Muslims even if they are
making joke of Islamic teachings,
“And o Muhammad, when you see people finding
fault with our revelations, withdraw from them till they
get engaged in other talk”.

12. CAUSES OF
IN THE MUSLIM WORLD

13. CAUSES OF
IN PAKISTAN
Influence of External Forces during Afghan Jihad and
patronage and promotion of Jihadi culture by the West.
• The first-grade language books introduced the Alphabet: Alf
means for Allah (Allah is One), Bae is for Baba (Baba goes to
mosque) Jim for Jihad (Jihad is an obligation), (My mom went
to Jihad), (Our brother gave water to Mujahid).
• The speed of a Kalashnikov bullet is 800 meters per Sec. If a
Russian is at a distance of 3200meters from a Mujahid, and
that Mujahid aims at the Russian’s head, calculate how many
seconds it will take for the bullet to strike the Russian in the
forehead?

14. • Sectarianism
• Islamization in the 80’s
• Proliferation of Madrassahs
• ILL Conceived War on terror
• Social factors (Poverty, illiteracy,
unemployment)
• Spread of jihadi outfits
• Weakening of state writ
CAUSES OF
IN PAKISTAN

16. ROAD TO EXTREMISM

17. IN CHRISTIAN WORLD

18. • Army of God
• National Liberation Front of Tripura
• Lord's Resistance Army
• Freedomites
• Christian Patriot
• Army of God
• National Liberation Front of Tripura
• Lord's Resistance Army
• Freedomites
• Christian Patriot
CHRISTIAN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS

19. IN JUDAISM

20. IN HINDUISM

22. WRIT OF USA WAS CHALLENGED BY
A NON STATE ACTOR
MYTH OR REALITY?
WRIT OF USA WAS CHALLENGED BY
A NON STATE ACTOR
MYTH OR REALITY?

29. IN PAKISTAN
Talibanization
Sectarianism
Madaris
Rule of Clergy
Praetorianism
Unstable Western Borders
Weapon Supply
War on Terror
Talibanization
Sectarianism
Madaris
Rule of Clergy
Praetorianism
Unstable Western Borders
Weapon Supply
War on Terror

30. www.satp.org/

31. PAKISTAN SOME EXTREME FACTS
No of Sects Numerous
No of Madrassas >12,000
(both Registered and
Unregistered)
No of Students in
Madris
>1.5 Million
No of Foreigner
Students
>35,000

32. SECTARIAN VIOLENCE IN PAKISTANSECTARIAN VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN
1989-20041989-2004

33. SECTARIAN VIOLENCE IN PAKISTANSECTARIAN VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN

34. *Data till July 2, 2007
http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/database/sect-killing.htm

35. http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/database/sect-killing.htm

36. *Data till July 12, 2007

41. “The rise of religious extremism in Pakistan
will result in weakening of her relations with
the west”
The rise of religious extremism will bring the
west closer to Pakistan (Regime or People?)
in order to contain it

43. • WAR ON TERROR
– CENTRE TO CENTRE RELATIONS
• COMPARISON WITH EGYPT AND
JORDON
– CHANGE IN PUBLIC OPNION
– BUREAUCRACY, MILITARY & POLITICAL
PARTIES
• LAL MASJID INCIDENT
– ROLE OF NON STATE ACTORS
• INTEREST OF SUPERPOWERS
• BACK FIRE LIKE IN IRAN
• WAR ON TERROR
– CENTRE TO CENTRE RELATIONS
• COMPARISON WITH EGYPT AND
JORDON
– CHANGE IN PUBLIC OPNION
– BUREAUCRACY, MILITARY & POLITICAL
PARTIES
• LAL MASJID INCIDENT
– ROLE OF NON STATE ACTORS
• INTEREST OF SUPERPOWERS
• BACK FIRE LIKE IN IRAN

49. EFFECTS OF
ON THE ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN
• ECONOMY DEFINED
• ECONOMICS OF EXTREMISM
• RE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
• INVESTMENTS AND SAVINGS
• FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
• STOCK EXCHANGE
• LOSS TO BUSINESSES
• COST OF ADMINISTRATION
• ECONOMY DEFINED
• ECONOMICS OF EXTREMISM
• RE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
• INVESTMENTS AND SAVINGS
• FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
• STOCK EXCHANGE
• LOSS TO BUSINESSES
• COST OF ADMINISTRATION

51.  EXTREMISM IS VERY DIFFICULT TO BE REDUCED
TO QUANTITATIVE LEVEL AS A PHENOMENON
 IT CAN BE STUDIED ONLY AS CHAIN OF EVENTS
 ECONOMIC VARIABLES HAVE COMPLEX
DYNAMICS AND OVERALL IMPACT COMES FROM
A NUMBER OF FACTORS
 MOST OF THE STUDIES ARE BEHAVIORAL IN
NATURE AND ADDRESS THE ECONOMIC CAUSES
 NO STUDY IN PAKISTAN AS SUCH ON THE TOPIC

53. • MODEL HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM BARO AND
MCCLERY (HARVARD UNIVERSITY) FOR NBER
• DATA FOR RELIGIOSITY AND RELIGIOUS
EXTREMISM HAS BEEN TAKEN “WORLD
VALUE SURVEY” AND REPORTS ON
RELIGIONS FROM “ INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL
SURVEY PROGRAMME”
• MODEL HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM BARO AND
MCCLERY (HARVARD UNIVERSITY) FOR NBER
• DATA FOR RELIGIOSITY AND RELIGIOUS
EXTREMISM HAS BEEN TAKEN “WORLD
VALUE SURVEY” AND REPORTS ON
RELIGIONS FROM “ INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL
SURVEY PROGRAMME”

54. are

55. RESULTS OF THE ANALYSISRESULTS OF THE ANALYSISRESULTS OF THE ANALYSISRESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS

56. Economic Growth

58. Economic Growth

59. Economic Growth

60.  INVESTMENT IS DETERMINED BY OPTIMISM OR
PESSIMISM OF ENTREPRENEURS (J.M. KEYNES)
 ACCORDING TO US CENTCOM PAKISTAN’S
ECONOMY SUFFERED LOSS OF OVER 10 BILLION
US $ IN YEARS 2001-2002 DUE TO FALL IN
INVESTMENTS AND TOURISM AN RISE IN
INSURANCE
 AREAS MOST AFFECTED BY EXTREMISM HAVE NO
INVESTMENT COMING IN( CASE STUDIES OF
TRIBAL AREAS, TANK, ETC)
 GEOGRAPHICAL SKEWDNESS OF INVESTMENT
 HIGH COST OF GOVT INVESTMENT (ICOR)
 RELUCTANCE OF BANKS TO FINANCE PROJECTS
IN AFFECTED AREAS

61.  SAVINGS; FUEL OF GROWTH ENGINE
 SAVING RATE LOWEST IN THE REGIONS
 EVIDENCE OF RELIGIOUS FACTORS ON THE
SAVING RATE. RESEARCH BY ASHAFAQ H. KHAN
AND Z.M.NASIR
 CHANNELIZATION OF FUNDS: 60 BN ANNUALLY
 REJECTION OF BANKING SECTOR BY ORTHODOX
RELIGIOUS ELEMENTS

63. • FDI IS AT GREATER THREAT
– KIDNAPPING AND KILLING OF FOREIGNERS
– DESTRUCTION OF MNC OUTLETS
• FDI HAS SHOWN TREMENDOUS INCREASE FOR
SOME YEARS FAR BELOW THE POTENTIAL.
• ONLY FRACTION OF WHAT OTHER SOUTH ASIAN
STATES ARE GETTING
• INCREASE IN THE COST OF DOING BUSINESS
(SECURITY ISSUES)
• THREAT OF BOYCOTT AND FALL IN SALES OF
FOREIGN GOODS
• FDI IS AT GREATER THREAT
– KIDNAPPING AND KILLING OF FOREIGNERS
– DESTRUCTION OF MNC OUTLETS
• FDI HAS SHOWN TREMENDOUS INCREASE FOR
SOME YEARS FAR BELOW THE POTENTIAL.
• ONLY FRACTION OF WHAT OTHER SOUTH ASIAN
STATES ARE GETTING
• INCREASE IN THE COST OF DOING BUSINESS
(SECURITY ISSUES)
• THREAT OF BOYCOTT AND FALL IN SALES OF
FOREIGN GOODS

66. May 3, 2004 Chinese nationals working on a sea-
port project in Gwadar
Three Chinese engineers were killed
and 11 persons, including 9 Chinese
nationals, sustain injuries in a car
bomb attack.
May 26, 2004 Pakistan-American Cultural Centre
and residence of the US Consul-
General in Karachi
Two persons are killed and at least
33 others, mostly police and media
personnel, are wounded when two
car bombs explode in succession.
November
15, 2005
KFC restaurant in Karachi At least three people are killed and
20 others, including two South
African women, sustain injuries in a
powerful car bomb explosion in front
of the KFC restaurant.
March 2,
2006
US Consulate in Karachi A US diplomat, identified as David
Fyfe, his Pakistani driver and a
Rangers official were killed and 54
persons injured in a suicide car
bombing near the US Consulate

67. • STOCK EXCHANGE, BAROMETER OF ECONOMY
• LIMITED FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT
BECAUSE OF VOLATILITY IN THE MARKET
• EVIDENCE OF AFFECTS ON STOCK EXCHANGE OF
SPECIFIC INCIDENTS
– ATTACK ON US CONSULATE: 02 MARCH 2006
– NISHTAR PARK BOMB BLAST: 11 APRIL 2006
– KILLING OF HASSAN TURABI: 21 JULY 2006
• STOCK EXCHANGE, BAROMETER OF ECONOMY
• LIMITED FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT
BECAUSE OF VOLATILITY IN THE MARKET
• EVIDENCE OF AFFECTS ON STOCK EXCHANGE OF
SPECIFIC INCIDENTS
– ATTACK ON US CONSULATE: 02 MARCH 2006
– NISHTAR PARK BOMB BLAST: 11 APRIL 2006
– KILLING OF HASSAN TURABI: 21 JULY 2006

68.  MULTI BILLION DOLLAR INDUSTRY
 US AND JAPAN ARE MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS
 PAKISTAN DECLARED UNSUITABLE TO TRAVEL BY
MANY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS
 MAJOR TOURISM SITES IN NWFP WHICH IS MORE
IN THE GRIP OF EXTREMISM
 MANY POTENTIAL SITES REMAIN UNDEVELOPED

72. • Loss to Property as a result of extremism
– Case Study Cartoon Controversy; Loss of
property worth billions of rupees
– Violence in Karachi; Huge loss of Property
• Cost of Administration
– Increase in the Costs of LEAs
– Maintenance of Armed forces in Tribal Areas
• Loss to Property as a result of extremism
– Case Study Cartoon Controversy; Loss of
property worth billions of rupees
– Violence in Karachi; Huge loss of Property
• Cost of Administration
– Increase in the Costs of LEAs
– Maintenance of Armed forces in Tribal Areas

73. VIABILITY OF ADOPTING THE CONCEPT
OF

75. Enlightened moderation is the quality or state of
becoming rational or having reasoning power”
Enlightened moderation is the quality or state of
becoming rational or having reasoning power”
“being able to think clearly and make
decisions based on the reason rather than
of emotions”
“being able to think clearly and make
decisions based on the reason rather than
of emotions”

77. Allah will rise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees), those
of you who believe and who have been granted (mystic)
Knowledge. (58:11)
A Book which We have revealed unto thee, in order that
thou mightiest lead mankind out of the depths of
darkness into light (14:1)
A Book which We have revealed unto thee, in order that
thou mightiest lead mankind out of the depths of
darkness into light (14:1)
Are those equal, those who know and those who do not
know? (39:9)

79. • if any one slew a person it would be as if he
slew the whole people: and if any one saved a
life, it would be as if he saved the life of the
whole people..Al Quran(5:33)
• Nor come nigh to adultery: for it is a
shameful (deed) and an evil, opening the
road (to other evils). (17:32)

80. • let not the hatred of others to you make you
swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be
just: that is next to piety. (5:9)
• If a man kills a believer intentionally, his
recompense is Hell, to abide therein (For
ever): And the wrath and the curse of Allah
are upon him, and a dreadful penalty is
prepared for him.
• they enjoin what is just, and forbid what is
evil(9:71)

81. • “spend of your substance, out of love for Him,
for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for
the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the
ransom of slaves; and practice regular
charity;

82. • Thus, have We made of you an Ummat justly
balanced (2:143)
• “the honest and trustworthy trader will be in the
company of the Prophets, the Upright and the Martyrs
(on the Day of Judgment)” (Mishkat)

84. Miss Pakistan
MARIYAH MUTEEN
Representing Pakistan in international Pageant

92. Framework for elimination of Extremism
Strategic Goal: Preserve and promote the way of life of free and open society based on the
rule of law, defeat terrorist extremism as a threat to our way of life,Ends
Means Parliament, CII, LEAs, Civil Society
ResourcesandPoliticalwill
Provide for rule of law
Regulate the syllabus and working of Madrrasahs
Ways
Deny extremists the resources they need to operate
International cooperation and understanding
Provide enabling environment for human rights
Emphasis on social development and welfare
Enemy Foot soldiers
LeadershipIdeological support
Safe havens
WeaponsFunds
Comms & Movement Access to Targets
Extremism
Personnel
Leadership
Ideology
Safe Havens
Weapons
Finance
Movement Motivation
Political goals

94. Ends
Means
Solution of disputes on
the basis of mutual
coexistence
Start of dialogue
among faiths
Discouraging the use of
extremist methods
Ways
International forums:UNO, OIC, G-8
Solution of political disputes
Removing Islamophobia
Support for democratic regimes
Aims:
•Root out extremism as a threat to our way of life
•Create a global environment for slution of causes of extremism
Framework at International level

96. • Extremism is common to all religions
• Imposition of Western values.
• Sectarian strife is the base for Religious Extremism
• The US-led war on terror
• Unilateral use of force
• The extremism; potential threat for Society, State, World
• Extremism has a detrimental effects on our relations with
West.
• Economy is affected by both forms of RE.
• Violent form of RE has caused more lawlessness and
insecurity, which is hazardous for economic indicators.

98. • Classification and Pacification of Troubled Areas
• Effective Monitoring and Intelligence Apparatus
• De-Weaponization
• Madaris Reforms; Registration, Sectarianism, Foreign
Elements
• Conflict Resolution through Council of Islamic Ideology
• Classification and Pacification of Troubled Areas
• Effective Monitoring and Intelligence Apparatus
• De-Weaponization
• Madaris Reforms; Registration, Sectarianism, Foreign
Elements
• Conflict Resolution through Council of Islamic Ideology

99. • Not a battle against Islam but battle about
Islam
• No option of “ leaving extremists alone”
• Exposing them everywhere
• Fighting and defeating the ‘ incorrigibles’
• Breaking institutional framework of
extremists
• Empowering and strengthening the
moderates
• Consistent Diplomatic strategy
• Education sector reforms
• Opening the Door of Ijtihad
• Not a battle against Islam but battle about
Islam
• No option of “ leaving extremists alone”
• Exposing them everywhere
• Fighting and defeating the ‘ incorrigibles’
• Breaking institutional framework of
extremists
• Empowering and strengthening the
moderates
• Consistent Diplomatic strategy
• Education sector reforms
• Opening the Door of Ijtihad

101. Suicidal Bombings-
History
& Way Forward for Pakistan

102. SCHEME
 Definitions
 Historical perspective
 Motivations
i. personal
ii. organizational
 Way forward for Pakistan
 Conclusion

103. DEFINITION
 “Suicidal bombings” means
PERSON + BOMB = SUICIDE+KILLS
But is too restrictive (cars & jets )
 “martyrdom operations” places the
emphasis upon the cause of the
perpetrators, implying a connection to
the notions of “holy war”
 “Predatory martyrdom” is still vague
and unclear.

104.  “Suicide attacks,” is more appropriate,
means events where the “success” of the
operation cannot occur without the death
of the perpetrator, and he or she is
apparently aware of this in advance.
 These attacks are carried out to force
invaders out, to fight religious wars, to
take revenge, to challenge the
government, to fight for ones freedom as
one perceives it, and to instill terror and
fear and to paralyze.

105. HISTORY
 Muslim Assassins (also known as Ismailis-
Nazari) operated from 1090-1275,
 Muslim communities during the 18th
& 19th
centuries, on the Malabar coast of (S.W)
India, in Atjeh in N.Sumatra, and in Mindanao
(S). Philippines,engaged in suicidal jihads
aimed at inflicting punishment to the
European colonial powers.
 the Russian radicals of the late 19th
century,put themselves close to the target to
assure success, usually also consciously
sought their own demise.

106.  Ironically, with the development of better
explosives, suicide attacks became less
common in the twentieth century.
 remotely detonated explosives, hostage-
taking, and attacks on airliners.
 many people date the initiation of suicide
attacks to the October 1983 destruction of the
U.S.Marine barracks in Beirut by a truck
bomb, killing 241 off-duty U.S. soldiers and
injuring more than 100 others, a similar truck
bomb exploded at the French peacekeeping
compound nearby, killing 58 soldiers and
wounding 15 others.

107. The most ruthless and bloody suicide campaign
in modern history by the Tamil Tigers (LTTE) in
Sri Lanka in May 1987.(R.Gandhi, Premadasa)
 Hamas, the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Al-
Ansar Mujahidin in Chechnya, the Egyptian
Islamic Jihad (EIJ), Hezbollah, Lashkar-e-
taiba , the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) of
Algeria, Barbar Khalsa International(BKI) of
India, the
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE or
Tamil Tigers) of Sri Lanka, the Kurdistan
Worker’s Party (PKK) of Turkey, and Al Qaeda.

108. 1st
Suicide Attack in Pakistan
May 08th
,2002
“A suicide bomber blew up a bus in
Pakistan's port city of Karachi, killing 14
people – most of them French nationals –
including himself. The huge morning blast
outside the posh Sheraton Hotel also left 24
people wounded. It is a pointed retaliation at
Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf's
crackdown on Islamic militant groups and for
his allowing US troops to cross the Pakistani
border to hunt down Al Qaeda fighters.” The
News. Karachi

109. MOTIVATION (personal)
 Religious ( 72 virgins, heaven,70 relatives
in heaven, marriage to shaheed for
women)
 Economical (money and hefty benefits for
family)
 Political( anger and dissatisfaction)
 Social ( sense of uselessness, no
purpose, no respect)

110. MOTIVATION (organisational)
suicide attacks generally result in a larger
number of casualties than other attacks
 suicide attacks usually attract more publicity
 symbolic value of martyrdom for a cause, not
only in Islamic cultures but in other cultures as
well.
 suicide attackers are sometimes seen by
sponsoring organizations as assets whose loss
generates a net gain.
 suicide attacks are financially inexpensive:

111.  No need to fear capture, interrogation,
trial, imprisonment and the accompanying
humiliation of the attacker
 no need to provide an escape route for the
attacker, the complexity of the plan is
greatly reduced
 Security agencies scared and wary
 Great and grave problem for the
government.

112. WAY FORWARD FOR PAKISTAN .
 Education of the masses
 General awareness against this evil
 No half-hearted measures of the military and
the establishment in dealing with this,
 The political use of Islam by the state should be
curtailed
 Military operations to destroy the physical
infrastructure of the groups, efforts to cut off
funding, and/or preemptive strikes designed to
capture or kill leaders

113.  Vigorous human and technical intelligence
gathering, is vital. Good intelligence can
provide critical information on a terrorist group’s
dynamics.
 Efforts to reducing the potential recruitment
ability of terrorist groups
 Economic disparity, political injustice if possible
should be reduced sp in areas where
recruitment occurs
 War against terror, how far can we go, how far
should we go.

114. CONCLUSION
 95%OF ALL SUICIDE ATTACKS IN RECENT
TIMES HAVE HAD ONE GOAL, TO CAUSE
AN OCCUPYING FORCE TO WITHDRAW,
WE SHOULD TAKE A MINUTE AND THINK
WHY TODAY WE FACE THE 2ND
HIGHEST
RATE OF SUICIDE ATTACKS IN THE
WORLD. ARE WE OCCUPIERS OF OUR
OWN PEOPLE, OUR OWN LAND, OUR OWN
NATION. SOME WHERE SOME PLACE
SOME THING IS DEFINITELY AND
TERRIBLY WRONG

115.  THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE