2. Crusades
• The Seljuk Turks cut off access to
Jerusalem during the 11th century
• Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in 1095
• The first crusade was successful and gained
control of a narrow strip of land for a short
period.
• Other crusades were unsuccessful and were
ended in the 13th century
3. • The Roman Church then changed the mission
of the crusades.
– Now they attacked the Muslims and anyone that
taught different doctrines than the Roman Church
were killed
4. What were the Motives of the
Crusades?
• ROMAN CHURCH
– Created an opportunity to expand its influence
• NOBLES
– An opportunity for gaining wealth and land
• MERCHANTS
– A source of great wealth as they delivered armies
and supplies and returned which shiploads of
treasures to sell
5. What were the results of the
Crusades?
1. The deaths of many thousands of fighters and
civilians
2. Europeans were unable to maintain their hold
on the Holy Land
3. The knowledge of the Muslims and Byzantine
Empire found its way to England
4. Developed a middle class due to the increased
trade
5. Manufacturing methods used by Muslims were
brought back to England
6. Medieval Technology in England
• England was better known for finding new
ways to use technology rather than inventing
new tools or devices.
• Horse collar, water mills, Arabic numerals,
windmills, compass, cannon, crossbow and
armor
7. • Invented the mechanical clock
• Invented spectacles (glasses)
8. Money
• Increase in trade led to a money economy
• Every town had its own money.
• Led to development of moneychangers
– They knew the value of coins and exchanged
money
• Banks also developed
9. • Money lending also developed
• Banks also issued letters of credit
– Allowed a merchant to travel without large sums
of money on him
10. Ch. 5 Sec. 3
Discussion Question
• What is wrong with the belief that one can
have his sins forgiven by going on a crusade
(or pilgrimage)?
Editor's Notes
Trade – increase in trade was tremendous…farmers and others sold their excess produce and other goods for money
They bought their freedom and moved to towns
Merchants that traveled had to use many different kinds of money
Bank comes from word banca meaning “bench” moneychangers and early bankers sat on benches and people referred to doing banking business as “goin to the bench”
He would give money to the bank and he would give him a letter of credit…when he got where he was going, he would give the letter to the bank and get his money.
