Adlug annual meeting 2013

32st ADLUG ANNUAL MEETING 2013
ARTIUM and the Fundación Sancho El Sabio – Vitoria-Gasteiz
16th – 18th October 2013

RDA, Bibframe, Linked data: follow the
evolution of cataloging inside the LMS

Tiziana Possemato

Copyright 2009-2010 @CULT. All rights reserved

The global environment
Where we are moving…

Resource Description and Access
Functional Requirements for Authority Data
Bibframe

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

International Cataloguing Principles


Semantic web/Linked data

2

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

• Entities
• Relationships
• Attributes

relationship

One Entity

Another Entity

• National level required elements


3

Work

Person

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

created

Shakespeare

was created by


Hamlet

4

FRBR: inherent Group 1 Relationships

Work

Group 1

is realized through

Expression
is embodied in

Manifestation
recursive
one
many

is exemplified by

Item

FRBR: Relationships between Groups 1 & 2
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is owned by
is produced by
is realized by

is created by


Group 2
Person
Family

Corporate Body

ICP: Statement of International

Cataloguing Principles

ICP general principles
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Convenience of user
Representation
Common usage
Accuracy
Sufficiency and necessity
Significance
Economy
Consistency and Standardization
Integration
Defensible, not arbitrary
If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution


7

RDA: Resource Description and Access

Based on IFLA’s international models and principles

• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR; 1998)

• Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD; 2009)

• Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP; 2009)


8

RDA: goals*
RDA is:
• A new standard for resource description and access

• Designed for the digital world:
• Optimized for use as online product
• Description and access of all resources (all types of content and media)
• Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web
OPACs, etc.)

• Rules should be easy to use and interpret
• Be applicable to an online, networked environment

*Barbara Tillett, Seminar on RDA

9

RDA: goals*
• Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media
• Encourage use beyond the library community
• Be compatible with other similar standards
• Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed
principles

• Separate content and carrier data
• Examples – more of them, more appropriate

Basic goals: identify and relate (from FRBR/FRAD user tasks
and ICP)


10

RDA: Summary of differences*
• Based on principles
• ICP

• Based on conceptual models
• FRBR/FRAD

• Content, not encoding, standard:
• not a display standard,
• not an encoding standard: use whatever schema you prefer, such as Marc21,

Dublin Core etc.
• Strictly related to the Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative

• More international
• Wider scope and resources

11

RDA: Summary of differences*
• Includes authority data
• based on attributes and relationships in FRAD.
• Authorized/variant access point and elements continue to be documented in

authority records

• Has controlled vocabularies
• Only a few closed: content, media and carrier types; mode of issuance; etc.
• Most are open: cataloguer can supply term if needed term not in list
• Vocabularies being registered on the Web -- goal of multiple languages and/or

scripts (http://metadataregistry.org/rdabrowse.htm)

• Changes in instruction vocabulary
• Core elements


12

RDA in Marc21
RDA: “use whatever schema you prefer, such as
Marc21, Dublin Core etc.”

I can catalogue in RDA using Marc21… but
some updates are needed!


13

RDA record in Marc21 format

040 $e rda
264 as publisher

content, media, carrier

Full update of Marc21 Bibliographic
and Authority: numbers
• Marc21 Bibliographic Format updates: 252

tags/subfields

• Marc21 Authority Format updates: 167
tags/subfields (total of 3249 elements checked
and revised)
(strong effort of LibriCore)

• Integration of Authority manage in OliSuite/WeCat

Marc must die? From record to
data

http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf

Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data: Linked Data Model and
Supporting Services

Bibliographic Framework
Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data: Linked Data
Model and Supporting Services
(Library of Congress – November 21, 2012)
• The result of a reflection and study process about the functions
of the catalog, the actuality of Marc, of cataloging standards, the
new types of resources.
• It‟s the first step of a road map that will lead to a review and
proposal of a new environment for bibliographic libraries,
a new bibliographic ecosystem
• Convertion of bibliographic data in linked data: this process has
to be an evolution and not a revolution

Bibliographic Framework
• Reflections on new cataloging rules
• Greater level of identification and analysis of the data
• More attention to the controlled vocabularies

• Increased use of terms with respect to codes
• Emphasis on relationships

• Greater flexibility within checked headings


Library data and Semantic web

As Karen Coyle suggests us, the question that we must face is:
“How we can best transform our data so that it can become part of
the dominant information environment that is the Web”*

How we can transform our data so that they can be OF THE WEB and
not on the web

*Karen Coyle, Understanding the Semantic web: bibliographic data and metadata

19

Library data and Semantic web

Web of document (traditional web)

vs

Web of data (Semantic web)

Web of document: identity issues and interoperability


20

Web: identity issues and interoperability

2006: Tim Berners-Lee, the father of the world wide web
(www), offers the Linked Data as elegant and effective
method to simplify and standardize the solutions to the
problems of identity and interoperability.
The method aims to create a web of data (or entities or
things) and is part of the technology for the Semantic
Web

[http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html]


The Semantic web or Web of data
Il web di dati o web semantico

”A web of things in the world, described by data on the web”
*17th International World Wide Web Conference W3C Track @ WWW2008, Beijing, China 23-24 April 2008 Linked Data: Principles and State of the Art

The four rules for linked data
“The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is about
making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of
data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find
other, related, data.”
Tim Berners-Lee proposes four rules to create linked data on the web:
1. Use URIs as names for things.

2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using
the standards (RDF*, SPARQL).
4. Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things.

Linked data and RDF (Resource
Description Framework)
The Linked data are usually published on the web in RDF
Each statement in RDF is constituted by a triple formed by
subject -- predicate -- object


The RDF triples
Illustrated by

Mazzanti

Le avventure di
Pinocchio

Author of
Carlo
Collodi

Dramatized as
Published by
Un burattino di
nome Pinocchio

Poggi

Adapted as
Una struttura estremamente semplice che rende

date
1881


Pinocchio

possibile

a

qualsiasi cosa

ciascuno

formulare

asserzioni

su

The focus of our attention now is…


…on the bibliographic record


Centrality of the bibliographic record –
Drawbacks

• Redundancy of information
• High costs

• Production of closed silos, and mostly not usable outside
of the library world


Marc21 and Linked data

In the semantic web MARC record is seen as a
primary source of information, for the
enormous amount of data contained therein and to

the high degree of semantics present in it


Marc21 and Linked data
But the semantics expressed in the record is only comprehensible

to the human eye. The individual elements, isolated from the record,
lose their meaning
xv, 240 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 240).

Cambridge University Press, 2009.

edited by Michael Hattaway.

Updated ed.
Fathers and daughters--Drama.


One bibliographic record…


… many statements or triples
The resource

has author

has title

has publisher

Has subject

has publication date

Shakespeare,William

As you like it

Cambridge U Press

Padri e figlie

2009

Triple

RDF Triple

http://lccn.loc.gov/2009025024

(the book)

http://RDVocab.info/roles/HasAuthor

(has
author)

http://lcna.loc.gov/n 78095332

(the author)

Controlled vocabulary and ontology

Linked data vs record
Michael Hattaway.
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616

As you like it

Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Fathers and daughters--Drama

Controlled vocabulary and ontology

Linked data vs bibliographic record

• Linked data => not focused on records but on individual
assertions or statements of atomic structure (triples)
• Each statement (RDF triple) thus produced can be
recorded with URI/URIs, which connects the data to
others on the same dataset or in external datasets
• Moving these statements understandable to machines
on the web transforms the data contained in the original
Marc record in integral part of the Semantic Web

Try to summarize core concepts
• Resource of the Web identified through URI
• Atomic elements related one another through links:
entity/relations model
• Less interest to description (“Take what you see” and
“Accept what you get”) and more relevance to access
control => authority record, controlled vocabulary
and ontology
• Data understandable and re-usable by machines: the
Resource Description Framework (RDF) as framework for
representing information in the Web.

Authority module in WeCat

The full authority manage into WeCat


Authority record
in WeCat

Manage ontology in OliSuite/WeCat

See here how each tag is “mapped” with URI coming from different ontology

An authorized person can associate each tag to one or more entity from
vocabulary and ontology


Tag 110 (Name as Main entry)


producersName in RDA vocabulary

Checking ontology in OliSuite/WeCat

The cataloguer click on the tag
label to open the screen where
the mapping with ontology
element is reported


Tag 110 (Name as Main entry)

producersName in RDA vocabulary
and M1001_a in Marc 21 Element Set


The URI refers directly to the specific element present on the Open Metadata
Registry, where many of „library‟ ontologies and vocabularies are published


GMD as content, media and carrier in RDA
The GMD – General Material Designator of AACR2 and ISBD
is coded in three fields in RDA, and the content of each field is
taken from controlled vocabularies:
• Tag 336: CONTENT
• Tag 337: MEDIA
• Tag 338: CARRIER

In OliSuite/WeCat the cataloguer can choose the content of each
field from e list, that refers to controlled vocabulary on Open
Metadata Registry


Tag 336: CONTENT


The content concepts…

…from controlled vocabulary


The same for tag 337: MEDIA


The same for tag 338: CARRIER


Include ID (URI) to identify heading
URIs reported in tag 1xx/7xx $0: see here
Umberto, Eco associated to VIAF URI, to make a link with VIAF –
Virtual International Authority File


The URI associated to an heading is repeatable and identify
each heading. See here it in the authority record


The URI can be used both by cataloguer – to check the heading on VIAF or
other projects, and to end user, aftern, on the OPAC


Just to close…
…giving a look to “economy” principle of ICP

(see some example to make easier the cataloguing process: the autocomplete
function in heading creation)


Adlug annual meeting 2013

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