This document discusses the history and development of skyscrapers. It defines a skyscraper as a very tall building over 244 meters tall. The first modern skyscraper is considered to be the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney in 1884. Skyscrapers developed in the late 19th century in cities like Chicago and New York to save space as the cities grew vertically. Common structural systems for skyscrapers include steel frames, tube structures, and framed tubes. Advantages include saving space in dense urban areas while disadvantages include high costs and construction challenges.

1. PRESENTED BY
Group 6

2. INTRODUCTION
 skyscraper is a very tall, building with minimum height requirement of 800 feet (244
meters).
 The word skyscraper was first known in the late 19th century, which reflects public
amazement at the tall buildings.
 Skyscraper are subject of fascination for people; for architect and engineer it is quite a
challenge to build such structure that rise hundred feet above the ground.
 structural definition of skyscraper was refined by architect, engineers, historians,
based on engineering developments of the 1880s.
 First Modern skyscraper is Home insurance Building designed By:- William Le Baron
De Jenny (Father of Skyscraper).

3. DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SKYSCRAPERS
In the late 19th century, the first skyscrapers
have been typically an office building of
more than 10 storey’s. The concept was
undoubtedly originated in the USA, in
Chicago and in New York, where space was
limited and where the best option was to
increase the height of thebuildings.
HOME INSURANCE BUILDING the
Chicago first perhaps the first Skyscraper
in the world built in 1884-1885 A.D.
.

4.  STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF
SKYSCRAPERS
 Super Frame
 Steel Frame Vertical T
russ
 Tube InTube
 Framed Tube
 Bundled Tube
 Exterior Braced FrameTub
 Turned Mass Damper
 Steel Frame/Belts

5. OBJECTIVES OF SKYSCRAPER
 To reflect the ambitions of the developers and the
creative and innovative talents ofthe modern
architects
 To save space

6.  DIFFERENT STYLES OF SKYSCRAPER
Traditional
Brick façade (e.g. Empire State building, Chrysler
building, etc.)
Marble panel system
Ventilated Façade
Aluminum, stone, ceramics, fiber reinforced concrete
Curtain wall (Non-load bearing)
Glass

7.  BUILDING MATERIAL
REQUIRED
 Aluminum –has become the material-of-choice for the outer frames.
 Window Panes –made of high-grade glass filled with noble gases and
a surface coating in order to reflect infrared light.
 Laminated Glass
 “Sandwich” Panels –one of the primary materials used in façade
systems of a building are so called “sandwich” panels or also known
as “composite” panels.
 There is great interest in the combustible-type panels because they
are the most widely used in buildings like apartment/residential,
hotels, office/commercial, hospitals.
 The combustible panels are widely used / installed in countries
situated in the Middle East and the Arabian Gulf peninsula due to the
harsh climatic conditions,

8. ADVANTAGES OF SKYSCRAPERS
The main advantage of building higher building is that they can take pressure of the
need to build just outside large cities, thus preventing the spread outwards and the
destruction of the countryside.
 It is modern answer for lack of space.
 It has their own unique architectural feature.
 It Provide long range Wide view in congested city.
 It gives icon of the country or state for wealth, Power and history.
 It attract millions of tourist each year, and bring profit to local business.
 Skyscrapers provide excellent site for antenna and other equipment.

9. DISADVANTAGES OF SKYSCRAPERS
 High cost of investment, construction, maintenance, and operation.
 Negative effect on indoor and outdoor environment.
 Destruction of naturalenvironment.
 Rely on Elevators.
 Evacuation difficulty when fire broke out.
 Poor Fire resistance ofSteel Structure System.
 Land Subsidence.
 Development of skyscrapers destroyed the harmony of the local cultural landscape.
 There is always risk of falling and severe damage to people.

10. SKYSCRAPERS

11. Burj Khalifa (Dubai) 2010,
829.8m
 World tallest Skyscraper in United
Arab Emirates.
 Construction started in
January,2004.
 162 Floors
 Also Known as Burj Dubai or
Dubai Tower
 Designed by Adrian Smith,
of Skidmore,Owings & Merrill,

12.  Taipei 101 (Taiwan) 2004,508m
 Former Tallest Building in the world. 101 floors.
 Construction started in200
 #2 tallest in World
 Built in Major Earthquake zone designed to
resist 9 Richter Earthquake.
 Designed as Spire Structure
 Provide 360 views of the T
aipei City.
 Third Highest open air deck in the world.

13. The Imperial II (Mumbai) 2010, 254m
 Tallest Residential Building inIndia.
 Also called as SDTowers or TardeoTwin Towers.
 60 floors.
 Construction started in2005
 #189 tallest in World
 A private observation deck is present at the top of each
building by the cone spires.
 Use of M50 grade cement which is usually used in building
dams and bridges.
 228 luxury homes.
 Agrand triple height lobby.