Lesson in Introduction to Psychology and General Psychology

1. History & Pioneers of Psychology
 Prepared by:
 Orlando A. Pistan, MAEd-GC
 Psychology Instructor

2. History and
Pioneers

3. Ancient Period
Man has tried to explain behaviour
since time immemorial. Although
man is not aware that they are
utilizing psychology – the most
common way of explaining
behaviour during these times is
Animism. Essentially, it is the gods
and spirits who were attributed to
be the direct cause of events and
activities of man.

5. Greek Period
Psychology began with the ancient
Greek’s earliest quest for the
knowledge of human nature. The
Greeks dominated the
psychological thinking through their
philosophy and science for fifteen
centuries before other philosophers
emerged and contested their ideas.

6. Plato (428-347 BCE)
 believed that the soul is distinct to
man and it is God-given. Thus it
inhibits the body as “knower”,
“thinker” and “determiner” of the
individual’s actions. Plato further
reiterated that the human psyche is
consisted of three elements: a)
element of reason (in the head), b)
spirited element (in the heart), c)
element of appetite & desire (in the
diaphragm)

7. Aristotle (384-322 BC)
 is the father of Psychology, he is
the first person to put into writing his
explanation pertaining the
behaviour of man. He introduced
the 3 functions of the soul : a)
vegetative, which deals with the
basic maintenance of life; b)
appetitive, which focuses on the
desire and motives; and the c)
rational, which governs reason that
is located in the heart.

8. Hippocrates (460-370 BC)
 the father of medicine, first
theorized that mental disorders
arose from natural causes.
 He was also the first to classify
different mental disorders.

9. Galen (129-216 AD)
 theorized the relation of
temperament to physiological
factors. According to Galen,
behaviour may be attributed to
the humors or vital juices of the
body:

10. Galen (129-216 AD)
 a) sanguine (yellow bile), for
cheerfulness;
 b) phlegmatic (green bile), for
being inactive;
 c) melancholic (black bile), for
sadness; and
 d) choleric (red bile), for being
irritable.

11. Medieval Period
 In the history of Europe,
the Middle Ages or medieval
period lasted from the 5th to the
15th century.
 It began with the fall of the
Western Roman Empire and
merged into the Renaissance
and the Age of Discovery.

12. St. Augustine of Hippo
 a Catholic saint, combined the
Greek Platonic thought with
Christian thinking and introduced
the method of Introspection.
 In this method, the individual
describes his own conscious
processes.

13. Let us make some Introspection.
Think of fictional characters, (cartoon, novel, movie, TV
series, etc.), whose personality is similar with yours:

14. My Anime Alter Ego
These are the fictional characters who resemble
my personality. Want to know me better? Hope
this will give you the idea.
LAVI (D' Gray Man) - funny, sadistic and a
teaser to individuals close to me;
YUKITO TSUKISHIRO (Cardcaptor) - gentle in
his ways, and an observant guy who loves
peaceful life;

15. My Anime Alter Ego
VEGETA (Dragon Ball Z) - tends to
become sullen when things are out of my
control, has few selected peers, and
always exaggerate expectations;
LELOUCH LAMPEROUGE (Code
Geass) - has Type A personality who
always find stress in every situation,
always doubt my self, but will strive hard
to become better, talks to my self
frequently for evaluation, and possesses
an antagonist attitude.

16. St. Thomas of Aquinas
 merged Aristotle’s idea that the
mind is a living matter to his idea
of immortality. This is the belief
that when the body dies, the soul
separates and becomes a spirit.

17. Pre-modern Period
 Rudolf Gockel
 Francis Bacon
 John Lock
 Francis Galton

18. Rudolf Gockel (1547-1628)
 is often attributed for the initial
use of the term “psychology” in
his writings. “Yucologia hoc est
de hominis perfectione, anima,
ortu.”

19. Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
 first proposed that psychology
should separate from philosophy
and psychology should be
treated as a natural science.
 Bacon has been called the
Father of Empiricism.

20. John Locke (1690)
 introduced his concept of Tabula
Rasa of which at birth, the mind
is like a blank sheet.

21. Francis Galton (1865)
 recognized as the “Father of
Behavioral Genetics”, introduced
the idea of individual differences.
 Individual differences research
typically includes personality,
motivation, intelligence, ability, IQ,
interests, values, self-concept,
self-efficacy, and self-esteem

22. Modern Psychology
 Wilhelm Wundt
(1879)
 established the first
psychological laboratory in
Liepzig, Germany. He was
regarded as the “Father of
Modern Psychology”.

23. Modern Psychology
 Emil Kraepelin
(1900s)
 a German psychiatrist, was the first to
formally describe bipolar disorder. He
coined the term “manic depressive” to
explain how mania and depression
both affect a patient. He was
recognized as the “Father of Modern
Psychiatry”.

24. History & Pioneers of Psychology
 Thank you for
paying attention.