The microprocessor is the brain of the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Microprocessor is an engine which can compute various operations fabricated on a single chip. The internal architecture of microprocessor determines what operations can be performed and how it can be performed.it will be popularly produced by 2 main brands INTEL and AMD.these are the companies now full of world.many of them are only buy a product depend upon processor.and its a fourth generation of computers.

1. MICROPROCESSOR

2. MICROPROCESSOR
� The microprocessor is the brain of the Central Processing Unit
(CPU).
� Microprocessor is an engine which can compute various operations
fabricated on a single chip.
� The internal architecture of microprocessor determines what
operations can be performed and how it can be performed.

3. EVOLUTION OF MICROPROCESSOR
� The first microprocessor introduced in 1971 was a 4-bit
microprocessor with 4m5KB memory.
� It has set of 45 instructions and was named Intel 4004.
� Intel’s 8080 was introduced during the year 1974 and it can
perform 8 bit operations.
� In 1976, Intel introduced 8085 and 8086 processors.
� 8080 processors have two Enable/Disable Instructions.
� 8086 processor is a 16 bit processor.

4. CONT..
� Current microprocessors can access 64 GB memory.
� Depending on width of data microprocessors can process, they are
of these categories−
� 8-bit
� 16-bit
� 32-bit
� 64-bit

6. TYPES OF MICROPROCESSOR
� CISC-Complex Instruction Set
� RISC-Reduced Instruction Set
� ASIC- Application Specific Integrated Circuit
� Superscalar Processors
� DSP-Digital Signal

7. COMPLEX INSTRUCTION SET MICROPROCESSORS
� The short term of Complex Instruction Set Microprocessors is
CISM
� It performs the different tasks like downloading, uploading,
recalling data into the memory card
� It also does complex mathematical calculations in a single
command.
� Some different CISC processors are following.
� IBM 370/168
� VAX 11/780
� Intel 80486

8. REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET MICROPROCESSOR
� In the RISC processor, there are simple instructions.
� It consists the number of registers and less number of transistors.
� To access the memory location the LOAD & STORE instructions
are used.
� This processor has one cycle execution time
� In this way these processors completes more commands at a faster
rate.

9. THE APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
� These processors are used for automotive emissions control or
personal digital assistant’s computer.
� ASIC is a kind of integrated circuit that is specially built for a
specific application or purpose.
� It can also be made smaller and use less electricity.
Disadvantage
� More expensive to design and manufacture, particularly if only a
few units are needed.

10. SUPERSCALAR MICROPROCESSORS
� Superscalar processor facsimiles the hardware on the processor to
perform various tasks at a time.
� These processors can be used for ALUs or multipliers.
� They have different operational units

11. DIGITAL SIGNAL MULTIPROCESSORS
� These processors are used to encode and decode the videos or to
convert the D/A (digital to analog) & A/D (analog to digital).
� They need a microprocessor that is excellent in mathematical
calculations.
� The chips of this processor are employed in RADAR, home
theaters, SONAR, audio gears, TV set top boxes and Mobile
phones

12. 8085 Microprocessor 8086 Microprocessor
•It is an 8-bit microprocessor
•It has 16-bit address bus
•In this, the memory can access
up to 64kb
•The 8085 processor does not
consist of pipeline architecture
•In this processor, the I/O
address is 28 = 256 I/O’s
•The cost of this processor is low
•This is a 16-bit microprocessor
•8086 has 20-bit address bus
•Where in the process the
memory is up to 1 MB
•While in the 8086 processors
consist of pipeline architecture
•In the 8086 processors, the I/O
address is about 216 = 65536
I/O’s
•The cost of this processor is
high

13. BEST MICROPROCESSORS
� Best CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 3900X
� Best high-end CPU: Intel Core i9-9900K
� Best mid-range CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 2600X
� Best entry-level CPU: AMD Ryzen 3 2200G
� Best gaming CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 3600X
� Best VR CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 1800X
� Best video editing CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 3700X
� Best performance processor: Intel Core i9-9980XE
� Best budget CPU: Intel Pentium G4560
� Best HTPC CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 2400G

14. AMD RYZEN 9 3900X
� Ryzen 9 3900X is a 64-bit dodeca-core high-end performance.
� x86 desktop microprocessor introduced by AMD in mid-2019.
� Fabricated on TSMC's 7 nm process based on the Zen 2
microarchitecture.
� This processor operates at 3.8 GHz with a TDP
of 105 W.
� Boost frequency of up to 4.6 GHz.
� The 3900X supports up to 128 GiB of dual-channel
DDR4-3200 memory.

15. INTEL CORE I9-9900K
� Introduced by Intel in late 2018.
� This processor, which is based on the Coffee Lake
microarchitecture, is manufactured on Intel's 3rd
generation enhanced 14nm++ process.
� The i9-9900K operates at a 3.6 GHz with a TDP of 95 W and a
Turbo Boost frequency of up to 5 GHz.
� This chip supports up to 128 GiB of dual-channel DDR4-2666
memory.
� It incorporates Intel's UHD Graphics 630 IGP operating at 350
MHz with a burst frequency of 1.2 GHz.

20. ADVANTAGES OF MICROPROCESSORS
� The processing speed is high
� Intelligence has been brought to systems
� Flexible.
� Compact size.
� Easy maintenance
� Complex mathematics

21. DISADVANTAGES OF MICROPROCESSORS
� The microprocessor has a limitation on the size of data.
� Most of the microprocessor does not support floating point
operations.
� The main disadvantage is it’s over heating physically.
� It should not contact with the other external devices.
� The microprocessor is does not have any internal peripheral like
ROM, RAM and other I/O devices.

22. THE APPLICATIONS OF THE MICROPROCESSORS
� Controllers in home appliances.
� Wireless communication equipments.
� Office publication and automation.
� Consumer electronic goods.
� Calculators.
� Accounting system.
� Video games.
� Industrial controllers.
� Data acquisition systems.

24. REFERENCES
� www.geeksforgeeks.org
� www.efxkits.co.uk
� www.brighthubengineering.com
� www.digitaltrends.com

25. THANK YOU