Engineering drawing a graphics is a subjected taught to engineers

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ENGINEERING DRAWING
Engr. Dr. Shahid Mehmood
(Associate Prof.)
B. Sc UET Taxila (Honor)
M. Sc UET Taxila
PhD UET Taxila

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Marks Distribution
TOTAL MARKS = 100
Assignments = 10%
Quizzes = 10%
Mid Term = 30%
Final = 50%

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INTRODUCTION
 Outline
Types of Drawing
Drawing Instruments
Introduction to Engineering Drawing
Lecture 1

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Course
Learning
Outcome
CLO Statement PLO Bloom
CLO-1
ACQUIRE the basic
knowledge of drawing skills. PLO-1 C2
CLO-2
APPLY the concepts of basic
drawing techniques. PLO-2 C3
CLO-3
DEMONSTRATE individually
the drawings of plan, elevation
and cross sections of machine
parts.
PLO-3 A3

6. 1. Try to write a description of
this object.
2. Test your written description
by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.
Effectiveness of Graphics Language
The word languages are inadequate for describing the
size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
You can easily understand that …

7. Graphic language in “engineering application” uses
lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours
of objects.
A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments
or computer methods.
Composition of Graphic Language
The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .

8. Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.
Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).
Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.

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Models & Digital Camera Photographs
 Can give the outer look.
 But not the inner dimensions.
 Nor the hidden views.

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 Engineering Drawing is graphical or
geometrical representations of an idea or
a product that must be processed,
manufactured or constructed.
 It is used to define, establish and create
an idea.
 It is the means of communication
between Engineers, Drafters and
Designers.
Introduction to Basic Engineering
Drawing

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About The Subject
 It is a system of communication in
which
 Ideas are expressed exactly.
 Information is conveyed completely and
unambiguously.
 Even the most complicated shapes are
specifically described.

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Advantages of Engineering
Drawing
 Representation of the complete shape.
 Inner details can be shown.
 Less consumption of time.
 Less training period
 Less space consumption.
 Easily transportable.
 Easy to handle.
 Relatively cheaper than models
 Communication of actual dimensions.

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Classification of Engineering
Drawing
1. Artistic drawing I.e. Free
and/model drawing:
2. Engineering Drawing:
3. Geometrical Drawings:

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1. Artistic drawing
The artistic drawing is generally prepared by the artist
(not draftsman) which may be used to represent an
object or an action such as painting, cinema slide,
advertisement board, advertisement in news paper
through line sketches etc. Such a drawing is prepared
by the artist on the basis of his imagination to focus
an image he wants to depict or by keeping the object
before him and then preparing the sketch to depict a
particular object.

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2. Engineering Drawing
The engineering drawing is prepared to represent
engineering objects on drawing sheet such as
machines or machine parts, buildings, roads, electrical
circuits, bridges etc. The complete information of the
object of which drawing is to be prepared shall be
given on the drawing sheet so that the drawing design
can be put to practical construction of the object.
The engineering drawing is classified into the
following main branches from technical point of
view:

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Engineering Drawing
The drawing of machines, machine parts, machine
operations come in this category. The drawing should
bear complete dimensions and other relevant details
necessary for conversion of drawing into practical
shape through manufacturing process.
Mechanical Engineering Drawing:

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Engineering Drawing
All civil engineering works such as roads, buildings,
bridges, architectural works are designed and
represented on drawing sheet before starting the
construction practically. The civil engineers are trained
to study and read the civil engineering drawings before
practical implementation of the design given on
drawing sheets.
Civil Engineering Drawing:

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Engineering Drawing
The electrical engineering drawings which may be
either in the shape of mechanical designs of
generators, motors, transformers, poles, towers etc. or
in the shape of electrical circuits (wiring designs), are
prepared on drawing sheets. Such drawings are known
as electrical drawings.
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Drawings:

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3. Geometrical Drawings:
The Geometrical drawings such as projection of
solids, projection of points, lines, squares, triangles
etc. are prepared on drawing sheets with the help of
drawing instruments are known as geometrical
drawings.

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Geometrical Drawings:
The figures having two dimensions such as rectangles,
squares, triangles are represented on drawing sheets
and prepared with the help of drawing instruments.
Plane Geometrical Drawing:

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Geometrical Drawings:
All the three dimensional figures and other allied
figures associated with all three dimensional objects
such as cube, prism, cylinders etc. The three
dimensional figures means objects having three
dimensions i.e. length, breadth and thickness. The
figures associated with solid geometrical drawing are
interpenetration of solids, development of surfaces etc.
the design of which are prepared on drawing sheets.
Solid Geometrical Drawing:

27. Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.
Example

28. Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.
Example

29. Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, solid works , PRO – E, etc.
Examples

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Drawing Instruments

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DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
1. Tee Square (T-Square)
2. Pencils (HB, H1, H2)
3. Adhesive Tape (Paper Tape)
4. Handkerchief, duster, Dusting Brush or
Tissue
5. Set-Squares
6. Rubber or Eraser
7. Protractor
8. Pencil Sharpener
9. Drawing Sheet
10. Sketch Book

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Drawing Board:-
 It is a plane square or
rectangular piece of
wood with a smooth
surface.
 Size of drawing board
varies from 9”×12” –
48”×72”.
 Suitable size for
student is 18”×24”.

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T-Square
 It is used to draw straight
lines on the drafting sheet.
 It consists of
 A long strip called blade.
 Short piece called head.
 The inner and outer
edges of blade and head
are called working edges.

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Drawing Sheet:-
 It is a white sheet of
paper having enough
grains or teeth against
which the lead of the
pencil may easily work.
 The color of the sheet
preferred is light cream
or buff.

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Drafting Tape (Paper Tape):-
 It is a White sticking
tape used to fix the
sheet on the
drawing board.

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Triangles or Set-Square
 Two triangles are used
in drawing.
 A triangle with angles
45°,45° and 90° is
called 45 degree
triangle.
 The other has 30°,60°
and 90° angles and is
called 30-60 degree
triangle.

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Compasses and Dividers:-
 Compasses are used to
draw circles.
 It consists of
 Two moving arms.
 One fixed with a
compass needle.
 The other arm may hold
another needle, pencil,
pen etc.

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Pencils:-( HB, H, 2H)
 It is a basic instrument
used for making
drawing on the sheet.
 It is made of graphite
lead .
 Pencils are made of
various hardness.
 Hardness of the pencil
is specified by its
grade, 9H to 7B.

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Small Knife and Sandpaper:-
 It is used to make the
required shape of the
lead and foam is used
for its final cleaning.
 It is a small wooden
strip pasted with a
sandpaper on one side
and a small foam on
the other end.

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Erasing Shield
 It is used to remove
extra lines after the
completion of a drawing
without disturbing the
required lines.
 It is a thin metallic plate
with designs of various
shapes.

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Set of Circles (Circle Template)
 It is a thin sheet of
plastic with circular
openings of various
sizes.
 It is used to draw
curves tangent to
other circles or simply
for drawing the circles.

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French Curves
 These are used to draw
different curves for the
already plotted points
and the freehand curves
may be changed into
smooth curves.
 These are made of
plastic sheets.

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Starting An
Engineering Drawing

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Types Drawings:
1. Artistic Drawing
2. Geometrical Drawing
1. Plain Geometry
2. Solid Geometry
3. Descriptive Geometry
3. Technical Drawing
1. Architectural Drawing
2. Civil Drawing
3. Structural Drawing
4. Survey Drawing
5. Mechanical drawing
6. Electrical Drawing
7. Topographic Drawing
8. Welding Drawing
9. Machine Drawing

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Types Drawings:
4. One view Drawing
5. Two View Drawing
6. Detailed Drawing
7. Sub Assembly drawing
8. Assembly Drawing
9. Foundation Drawing
10. Design Drawing
11. Working Drawing
12. Exploded Drawing
13. Pictorial Drawing