Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid.

1. CardioPulmonary
Resucitation
(CPR)

2.  C = Cardio (heart)
 P = Pulmonary (lungs)
 R = Resuscitation (recover)
Oxygen is the basic requirement for breathing and every
Living cell in the body
The function of the epiglottis is to guard the entrance to
trachea

3. A. As basic life support – to maintain a viable (living) victim
for advanced life support. (EMS)
◦ EMS stands for Emergency Medical Service
B. To minimize the occurrence of panic during times of
emergency.
C. For early diagnosis and detection of the symptoms of heart
attack.
◦ Be able to recognize the signs of a heart attack.
◦ The greatest risk of death from heart attack is in the
initial two hours after the onset of the symptoms
◦ 60% of all victims die before they reach the hospital.
(paramedics now stabilize the victim at the site before
transporting.)

4.  Heart attack
 Electrocution
 Drug overdose
 Accidents
 Stroke
 Diabetes
 Choking
 Poisoning
 Smoke Inhalation
 Epilepsy
 Suffocation
 Drowning

5.  Uncomfortable pressure and squeezing, usually
located in the center of the chest
 Pain may spread to shoulders, arms, neck, and
back (usually on the left side)
 The pain is not always severe and may come and
go (sharp, stabbing twinges of pain usually are
not signals of heart attack)
 Sweating, nausea, shortness of breath, feeling of
weakness
◦ May occur in either sex, even young adults, and
not necessarily during physical or emotional
stress.

6.  Help the victim into a comfortable position
◦ Sitting if he or she is short of breath
◦ Lying down if he or she is light headed
 Loosen clothing around neck and waist.
 Call an ambulance. Call 911!
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/heart/troubled.html

7. 1. Airway – head tilt, chin lift
2. Breathing – look, listen, feel
3. Circulation – give chest
compressions

8. A. Check the Victim for unresponsiveness.
Gently shake them and ask “Are you all right,
are you okay?”
B. If the victim doesn’t respond SEND SOMEONE
TO GET HELP. Call 911 and return to the
victim.

9. C. Use the head tilt, chin lift
method to open airway. Look,
listen and feel for breathing.
D. If the victim is not breathing
normally, pinch the nose and
cover their mouth with yours.
Give 2 full breaths until you see
the chest rise. Each breath
should last about 1 second.
E. With each breath the chest
should lower and rise so you
know that air is getting in.

10. F. After giving two breaths,
immediately begin chest
compressions.
G. Use the nipple line (“armpit over”)
to determine the proper place to do
chest compressions.
H. Push down on the chest 1 1/2 to 2
inches, 30 times right between the
nipples where the heart lies. (ratio
30:2)
J. Pump at the rate of 100
compressions / 1 minute
K. If you see chest movement, put the
victim in the side position in case
they vomit.

11. Chest compressions should be performed on the lower
½ of the sternum

12. For each compression it is important to push down
far enough and to be sure the chest is completely
released after each compression. This will allow
the heart to fill with blood after each compression.

13. What is the
Recovery Position?
•First Aid procedure to use if the
person is unconscious,
breathing and have a pulse.
•It is a safe position to put them in
while you are waiting for the EMS to
arrive
•Allows them to breathe easily and
prevents them from choking on their
tongue or any vomit.

14. A. Check for unresponsiveness
B. If you are alone with the child give 4-5 cycles of 30
compressions before calling 911.
C. Open the airway
D. Check for breathing: look, listen, feel
E. Not breathing: give 2 breaths
F. Perform chest compressions on the nipple line in
the center of the chest.
G. If the child is small, use one hand for
compressions. If the child is larger, use 2 hands.
H. Press the sternum down 1” to 1 ½”.
I. Give 30 compressions to 2 breaths (ratio of 30:2).
J. Pump at the rate of 100 compressions per 1 minute
K. You should perform 5 cycles of 30 compressions in
2 minutes.

15. A. Check for
unresponsiveness:
tickle, touch, pinch
the infant gently.
B. If there is no
response, perform 5
cycles of 30
compressions before
calling 911.

16. C. A = Open The Airway.
D. Tilt the head back gently, only far
enough so that the infant’s mouth is
facing the ceiling. Do not tilt the head
too far back! This may injure the neck,
and collapse the airway.

17. E. B = breathing: Look, listen, and feel
for air.
F. If the infant is NOT breathing give 2
small gentle “puffs” of air.
G. Cover both the baby's mouth AND
nose with your mouth.
H. You should see the baby's chest rise
with each breath.

18. I. The proper placement for chest
compressions is just below the
nipple line.
J. Position your 3rd and 4th fingers
in the center of the chest ½ inch
below the nipples.
K. Press down ½” to 1”.
L. Perform 30 chest compressions at
a ratio of 30:2 (30 compressions
for every 2 breaths)
M. At least 100 compressions should
be given within 1 minute.

19. If the infant recovers, put them in the
recovery position by gently supporting
the neck and picking them up.

20.  The victim responds.
 The rescuer collapses.
 A doctor pronounces the victim dead.
 Someone with equal or more training
takes over.
 With a child/infant – stop after 1
minute to call 911 if you alone, and no
one will be coming.

21.  Partially obstructed airway with good air
exchange: victim can make some sounds; may be
able to speak and cough
 Partially obstructed airway with poor exchange:
victim cannot speak, may be wheezing or
coughing weakly
 Fully obstructed airway: victim cannot make any
sounds
 The most common cause of an airway obstruction
in a conscious person is food or a foreign object.
 The most common cause of an airway obstruction
in an unconscious person is the tongue.

22. A. Ask the victim: : “Are you choking?”
B. If the victim nods yes, ask them “Would you like
my help?”
 If they say “NO”, do not help them. If they say
yes, you may help them.
C. Position yourself by placing one of your legs
between the legs of your victim. Give 5
abdominal thrusts and continue as needed.
◦ For a pregnant or obese person, perform chest thrusts.
D. Repeat thrusts until the object is expelled and the
obstruction is relieved OR the victim becomes
unresponsive/unconscious.

23. CONSCIOUS ADULT CHOKING

24. A. Call 911.
B. Open the airway.
C. Perform a finger sweep to remove possible
foreign object in mouth.
D. Open the airway and try to get air in. Give 2
breaths. If air does not go in, reposition the
head and give 2 more breaths. If air still does
not go in, the airway is obstructed.
F. With the victim lying on the floor, give 5
abdominal thrusts while straddling your
victim.
G. Repeat the steps until victim is no longer
choking or continue the steps of CPR as
needed.

25. ADULT UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
You would straddle the victim while
performing any needed CPR and abdominal chest thrusts
Do not push down on the Xiphoid process!

26. A. Check for breathing difficulty, ineffective
cough, weak cry.
B. Confirm signs of severe or complete airway
obstruction.
C. Give 5 back blows with your open hand and
5 chest thrusts, using your 3rd and 4th
fingers.
D. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts until
object is expelled OR the victim becomes
unresponsive.

27. BACK SLAPS
CHEST THRUSTS
FINGER SWEEP

28. A. Call 911
B. Open the airway and if you see the object, remove it
C. Try to give 2 breaths. If the chest does not rise, re-
open the airway and try to give 2 more breaths.
D. If the air still does not go in they are choking. Give 5
back blows, 5 chest thrusts and 2 breaths. Re-open
airway and give 2 more breaths.
E. Repeat above steps until breathing is effective.
Perform CPR if needed.
F. If the rescuer is alone and the airway obstruction is
not relieved after 1 minute, call 911.

29. Treat a conscious or unconscious child (1-8 years
old) with an airway obstruction like a conscious or
unconscious adult with an airway obstruction.
Example of a conscious choking child