Stay on the line until told otherwise. Provide updates if anything changes.

1. Emergency Action Plan
It is important to have an action plan for emergencies, so that you can
perform the most important checks and give essential help first. The
chart guides you through these steps. All the topics are covered later in
the book.

2. Emergency Action Plan DANGER?
Treatment
Signs &
Symptoms
History
Recovery
position
Remove
danger
Secondary
survey
Call 999 or
112 Now
Resuscitation
Airway
Shout for
Help!
Response?
Breathing
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
DANGER? - Are there any risks to the casualty or yourself?
Remove danger - Ensure the area is safe. Do not take risks.
Response? - Gently tap the casualty and ask, “Are you OK?”
Shout for Help! - Shout for help, but do not leave.
Airway - Open the airway – tilt the head back and lift the chin
Breathing - check for normal breathing – take no more than 10 seconds. If there is any doubt, treat as
if they are not breathing normally
Resuscitation - Do 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths. Continue this cycle without
interruption. Stop only if the casualty starts breathing normally. If you have help, change over every 2
minutes. For a child or baby, give 5 initial rescue breaths.
History - Ask the casualty what happened.
Signs & Symptoms - Look at the casualty, and ask them how they feel. Try to diagnose what might be
wrong.
Treatment - If you’re unsure of this, seek qualified medical advice.
Secondary survey - Check for bleeding, broken bones, other injuries, and clues.
Recovery position - put casualty into recovery position. Call 999 or 112 (if not already done). Monitor
airway and breathing. Keep casualty warm.

3. Communicating with casualties
• Use their name
• Assume they can hear you
• Clear, simple, truthful
• Use eye contact, watch body language
• A.M.P.L.E. Questions (Allergy, Medication, Previous medical history, Last meal, Event History)
• Allow time for answers
• Act calm & confidently

4. Children as casualties
• Speak gently but firmly
• Don’t talk ‘over’ the child
• Children understand more than we credit!
• Be sympathetic but don’t pander to ‘drama’
• Give concerned friends a task
• Use a witness when appropriate

5. Emergency Actions
Making an Emergency Call
Location: Address, Post Code, Land Marks, Grid Ref?
Incident details: Who? What? When?
Other services required: Police, Fire, Rescue Services?
Number of casualties: Immediate, Urgent, Delayed, Dead
Extent of injuries: Life threatening?
Location (repeat)