agricultural technology

1. irrigation monitor

2. Objectives
• To monitor the moisture and temperature levels
on an agriculture field
• To design a gateway device to gather data and
communicate it to the mobile network
• To detect any intrusion into the field and inform
the same
• To activate the appropriate actuators to control
the parameters
• To develop an android application to monitor and
modify the settings from a remote location

3. Introduction
• Irrigation systems can be automated through information
on volumetric water content of soil, using dielectric
moisture sensors to control actuators and save water,
instead of a predetermined irrigation schedule at a
particular time of the day and with a specific duration.
• An irrigation controller is used to open a solenoid valve
and apply watering to bedding plants when the
volumetric water content of the substrate drops below a
set point.
• Farms needs to be protected from animal exploitation,
using virtual fencing without affecting both the animal
and human.

4. Existing system
• In the existing system plant water status was
monitored and irrigation was scheduled based on
canopy temperature distribution of the plant, which
was acquired with thermal imaging .
• In addition, other systems have been developed to
schedule irrigation of crops and optimize water use by
means of a crop water stress index (CWSI) .
• This index was later calculated using measurements of
infrared canopy temperatures, ambient air
temperatures, and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit
values to determine when to irrigate the plant using
drip irrigation.

5. Proposed system
• The proposed system is the development of the
deployment of an automated irrigation system based
on microcontrollers and mobile communication.
• Each sensor node consists of moisture sensor, IR
sensor, temperature sensor. The sensor measurements
are transmitted to a micro controller.
• This system permits the automated activation of
irrigation when the threshold values of soil moisture
and temperature are reached.
• Based on the current moisture level and temperature,
the system chooses the best mode of water supply

6. Block diagram
Arduino UNo
GSM
Modem
Relay
Driver
LCD
Buzzer
Relay
Low
speed
Motor
Relay
Moisture
Sensor
Relay High
speed
Motor
Temp.
Sensor
Solenoid
Valve

7. Irrigation Control
• Initially divides the crop plantation period in to three states
• Set different and appropriate moisture levels for each state
• Monitors the current moisture level and compare it with the
set level for the state
• Based on the difference On or Off the water pump
• If the Moisture state is completely dry and with high
temperature level ,will on the high speed motor.
• Otherwise will on the low speed motor.
• If there is a no water flow in the pipe is sensed by the sensor,
the system stops the solenoid valve .

8. Refined Irrigation Control
• Apart from the set moisture level of the state,
the system considers ambient weather
parameters
• If the weather is dry and hot, the set level is
increased
• If the weather is humid and cold, the set level
is decreased

9. Remote Monitoring
• The system also helps in remote monitoring of
the parameters through mobile network
• The system is connected with a GSM Modem,
that sends an SMS on every event occurrence
• The events listed are Valve On, Valve Off,
Pump On and Pump Off.

10. Components
• Arduino Uno
• Moisture sensor
• LM35
• Solenoid Valve
• DC Pump Motor
• Relay
• ULN2003
• LDR
• Buzzer
• GSM Modem

11. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
• LM35 is a IC temperature sensor with its output
proportional to the temperature (in oC).
• LM35 has 3 pins. They are Vcc, output and GND.
• The operating temperature range is from -55°C to
150°C.
• The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to
every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature, i.e., its
scale factor is 0.01V/oC.

12. ARDUINO
• Arduino is an open-source platform used for building
electronics projects.
• Arduino consists of both a physical programmable
circuit board and a piece of software, or IDE that runs
on your computer, used to write and upload computer
code to the physical board.
• The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328 (datasheet).
• It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be
used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button.

13. Power supply
• Used to power all the devices
• Has two outputs +12 V and 5V
• An ac voltage is step down to 15 Vac by step
down transformer
• After that a diode to convert ac-dc
• Filter capacitor to filter the power ripple
• Separate voltage regulators for +5v and 12v
• Integrated power output for 5v and 12 V

14. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
• Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water
content in soil.
• Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil
moisture requires removing, drying, and weighting of a
sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric
• water content indirectly by using some other property of
the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or
interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture
content.
• The relation between the measured property and soil
moisture must be calibrated and may vary depending on
environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or
electric conductivity.

15. Solenoid Valves
• A solenoid valve is an electromechanical valve for use
with liquid or gas controlled by running or stopping
an electric current through a solenoid, which is a coil
of wire, thus changing the state of the valve. The
operation of a solenoid valve is similar to that of a
light switch, but typically controls the flow of air or
water, whereas a light switch typically controls the
flow of electricity.

16. Buzzer
• A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device,
which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or
piezoelectric.
• Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such
as a mouse click or keystroke.
• Early devices were based on an electromechanical
system identical to an electric bell without the metal
gong.

17. LCD
• 2X16 alphanumeric display
• Two rows each with 16 column spaces
• 8 pins for data
• 3 pins for control (RS,RW and EN)
• Contrast and Brightness Adjustable
• Backlight ON/OFF functionality for energy
conservation

18. ULN2003
• High-voltage, high-current Darlington arrays
feature continuous load current ratings to 500 mA
for each of the seven drivers.
• Ideally suited for interfacing between low-level
logic circuitry and multiple peripheral power loads
• Typical loads include relays, solenoids, stepping
motors, magnetic print hammers, multiplexed LED
and incandescent displays, and heaters
• The ULN2023A/L have series input resistors
selected for operation directly with 5 V TTL or
CMOS.

19. Relays
• A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever
and changes the switch contacts. The coil
current can be on or off so relays have two
switch positions and they are double throw
(changeover) switches.
• Relays allow one circuit to switch a second
circuit which can be completely separate from
the first. For example a low voltage battery
circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC
mains circuit. There is no electrical
connection inside the relay between the two
circuits, the link is magnetic and mechanical.

20. GSM Modem
• Through GSM modem the messages from remote mobiles
can be received and messages generated by the micro
controller can also be sent to remote mobiles
• SIM 900A is a GSM/GPRS-compatible Quad-band cell
phone, which works on a frequency of
850/900/1800/1900MHz.
• SIM 900 can be used not only to access the Internet, but
also for oral communication.
• The module is managed by an AMR926EJ-S processor,
which controls phone communication, data communication
(through an integrated TCP/IP stack), and (through an UART
and a TTL serial interface) the communication with the
circuit interfaced with the cell phone itself.

21. Tools required
• ARDUINO IDE
• EMBEDDED C

22. ADVANTAGE
• It is very usefully for water irrigation plant.
• Separate load generate to pump motor
• Mainly agriculture low cost system for water
irrigation method

23. APPLICATION
• The water feeding is the very vital process in
the agriculture R&D Space to the plant under
research. So it is very valuable requirements.