industrial revolution

1. LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS DURING
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
BY: BEA ESCALANTE

2. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century and
lasted until the mid 19th century.
• Before this time, every product was made by hand.

3. BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
• At this time, people produced their own food,
clothes, tools, etc… Production was very
inefficient
• The working man was lucky to own two shirts.

4. 1760
• The Industrial Revolution began in the year 1760 when the
textile industry was transformed by the invention of
machines.
• Production became efficient and cost-effective.

5. DURING THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
• A lot more than just the textile industry changed. For
example, agriculture, transportation, and manufacturing
in general were transformed.

6. INCREASING URBANIZATION
• As factories grew, more workers were needed for
production.
• As jobs were created, more and more people left their
rural farms and moved to the city to work in the
factories.

7. WORKERS
• Since the work was abundant, these factories
employed men, women and children of all ages.

8. WORKING CONDITIONS
• Workers were expected to work 16 to 18 hours a day, seven days a week.
• Wages were very low: less than a pound for men, 10 shillings for women,
and 3 shillings for children.
• This is equivalent to: 320 Euros per year, or 0,08 cents per day.

9. WORKING CONDITIONS
• On any given day, there could be more than 500 workers in a
factory so the environment was hot, noisy, full of steam, fumes
and dust.
• Sanitary conditions were also terrible. There was no clean water
and toilets were often a hole in the ground.
• Work-related accidents were common and the workers received
no compensation.
• Triangle Shirt Factory fire killed
114 workers.

10. CHILD LABOR
• During the Industrial Revolution children constituted 2/3 of the
working force in England and Scotland.
• They were expected to work as long as adults
• They were paid significantly less than adults
• They performed dangerous jobs such as climbing the
machines to unblock them or going into narrow spaces to
collect coal.
CHEAP LABOR

11. CHILD LABOR
• Children worked in extremely unsanitary
conditions
• They were often beaten by other workers.

12. FACTORY ACT
• Although the factories claimed that they were providing jobs for
the poor, eventually the government intervened and passed the
Factory Act in 1844.
• This law established that children had to be 9 years or older to
work and they could only work 12 hours a day.

13. LIVING CONDITIONS FOR
WORKERS
• As a result from the fumes and dust that workers often
inhaled for many hours a day, chest illnesses were
common.
• Houses and apartments were not properly conditioned
to be lived in and they were also very expensive.

14. LIVING CONDITIONS FOR
WORKERS
• There was no proper sewage systems in either the working places or the
living spaces so diseases like cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis rapidly
spread.
• During the 19th century, 10.000 people died from cholera and 60.000
died from tuberculosis.
• The life expectancy dropped drastically
• In London people were expected to live only 37 years.
• Twenty five percent of children died before they were five years old.

15. TODAY
• The International Labor Organization estimates that 215 million
children between the ages of 5 and 17 are working under
conditions that are considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely
exploitative.

16. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
• Of the estimated 215 child laborers around the globe:
approximately 114 million (53%) are in Asia and the Pacific; 14
million (7%) live in Latin America; and 65 million (30%) live in
sub-Saharan Africa.
• Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, domestic
service, etc.

17. WHAT CAUSES CHILD LABOR?
• Poverty
• Free education is limited
• Existing laws are violated

18. HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL
RISK FACTORS
• Greater risk of hearing loss
• Smaller size
• Development of organs and tissues
• Lower heat tolerance
• Higher chemical absorption rates

19. Think about the Industrial Revolution
and the world today….
Why do we still have
child labor?