2. Intestinal Obstruction
Intestinal obstruction is significant
mechanical impairment or complete
arrest of the passage of contents
through the intestine due to
pathology that causes blockage of
the bowel.
8. •Most common cause of mechanical
obstruction
•Post operative surgery of abd cavity
causes fibrous bridges between bowel
segments
•Causes extrinsic compression of bowel
which lead to obstruction
10. •Colorectal tumours are common cause.
•In most cases, the tumor does not
begin in the small intestine itself. More
often, it is a cancer that has spread
(metastasized) to the small bowel from
another site in the colon, female
reproductive tract, breast, lung or skin.
11. •Tumours formation depends on age,
family history, obesity, IBD & diet
•Cancerous tumours can cause small-
bowel obstruction either by pressing
on the outside of the bowel and
pinching it closed, or by growing
within the wall of the intestine and
slowly blocking its inner passageway
12. Intussusception
•Intussusception is a form of bowel
obstruction in which one segment
of intestine telescopes inside of another.
Intussucepien
Intussuceptum
13.
14. •Rare in adults
•Intussusception is the most common
cause of intestinal obstruction in
children younger than 3. The cause of
most cases of intussusception in
children is unknown.
•Common site- illiocecal valve
15. •The pain of intussusception comes and
goes, usually every 15 to 20 minutes at
first. These painful episodes last longer
and happen more often as time passes.
Other signs and symptoms of
intussusception include:
Stool mixed with blood and mucus ( “
Red currant jelly" stool because of its
appearance)
21. •Volvulus occurs when a loop of
intestine twists around itself and the
mesentery that supports it.
•Common site- Caecum & sigmoid area
of colon
•A volvulus is a medical emergency, If
left untreated, the parts of the bowels
that are not receiving enough blood
will start to die.
22. •In both the instances, the sigmoid
colon becomes dilated and heavy
making it susceptible to torsion. With
repeated attacks of torsion, the
mesentery shortens. The chronic
inflammation leads to the formation of
adhesions which then entrap the
sigmoid colon into fixed twisted
position
25. Hirschspurng Disease
•Congenital disorder of the colon
•Absent enteric ganglion cells in
submucosal and myenteric plexuses in
distal colon, i.e. no nerve at distal end
of colon.
•No or reduced peristaltic movement
•Surgery can correct it.
