basic constituents of matter

1. BASIC CONSTITUENTS OF MATTER

2. ELEMENTS and COMPOUNDS
 Pure substances which cannot be split into simple
components through chemical process are called as
elements.
 Substances formed by the combination of two or more
elements through chemical reactions are called as
compounds.

3. Origin of name of elements
Elements Basis of naming
Americium America-country
Francium France-country
Indium Indigo-colour
Plutonium Pluto-planet
Titanium Titan-Satellite
Curium Marie Curie-scientist

4. Symbols
 Used for representing elements.
 Different ways are used to assign symbols are:
 1.
First letter of English names are used .
Elements. Symbols
Carbon C
Nitrogen N
Hydrogen H
Oxygen O
Sulphur S

5.  2.
Along with first letter , the second letter or other prominent
letter is also used.
Element Symbols
Calcium Ca
Chlorine Cl
Bromine Br
Chromium Cr
Beryllium Be

6.  3.
 Symbols of some elements have been derived from Latin
names.
Element Latin name Symbol
Sodium Natrium Na
Potassium Kalium K
Copper Cuprum Cu
Iron Ferum Fe
Mercury Hydrargyrum Hg

7. The Periodic Table.

8. Atoms and molecules
 Atoms are the smallest particle which shows all the
characteristic properties of an element.
 Molecules are the smallest particles which can exist
independently.

9. Types of molecules
Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic
Molecules with only
one atom.
e.g. He , Ne
Molecules with two
atoms.
e.g. H2,Cl2,O2
Molecules with more
than two atoms.
e.g. S8,P4

10. Chemical reactions

11. Chemical reactions

12. Reactants and products
 The substances taking part in chemical reactions are called
reactants.
 Substances formed as a result of reaction are called
products.
 e.g.
H2+Cl2 2HCl
Reactants are: H2, Cl2 and product is HCl

13. Balanced chemical equations
 When a chemical equation is written , the number of atoms
of same kind , on the side of the reactant and that of the
product should be equal. This type of chemical equations
are called balanced chemical equations.

14.  e.g.
Zn +2HCl ZnCl2+H2
Atoms No. of atoms
in reactants
No. atoms in
products
Zn 1 1
H 2 2
Cl 2 2