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xii
APPENDIX A
LIST OF FIGURES
S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1.1 Typical induced draught Air cooled heat exchanger 6
1.2 Double pipe parallel flow heat exchanger 7
1.3 Extended Surface heat exchanger 7
1.4 Brazed plate heat exchanger 8
1.5 Spiral wounded heat exchanger 9
1.6 Barometric condenser 10
1.7 Bayonet Tube heat exchanger 12
1.8 Scraped Surface heat exchanger 12
1.9 Falling film water cooler 13
1.10 Shell and Tube type heat exchanger 14
1.11 Shell and tube heat exchanger construction 15
1.12 Grooving in tubes 17
1.13 Fluid distribution to tubes 18
1.14 Pass ribs 19
1.15 Double Segmental Baffle arrangement 20
xiii
3.4 Tube type heat exchanger designing in catia 32
3.5 Padding by Pad command 33
3.6 Pocketing by Pocketcommand 34
3.7 Shaft command used 34
3.8 Rib command use d 35
3.9 Slot command used 36
3.10 Temperature estimation at extremeties by ANSYS 39
4.1 Galvanised steel sheet 40
4.2 Nanofluid (CuO) 41
4.3 Calling Model in ANSYS 45
4.4 Simulation in ANSYS 48
4.5 Model Finishing in ANSYS 48
4.6 Finished Model of heat exchanger in Volume profile 49
5.1 Modified Graetz problem ANSYS workbench Model 53
xiv
APPENDIX B
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
TABLE 1.0 TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS 4
TABLE 3.1 MATERIALS AND THEIR COSTS 40
TABLE 4.1 GEOMETRY DEFINING 44
TABLE 4.2 COORDINATE DEFINING 45
TABLE 4.3 STEADY STATE THERMAL SOLUTIONS 45
TABLE 4.4 DEFINING FLUID PROPERTIES 48
TABLE 5.1 TEMPERATURE VS EFFECTIVENESS(WATER) 57
TABLE 5.2 TEMPERATURE VS EFFECTIVENESS(CuO) 58
xv
APPENDIXC
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED
CuO : CopperOxide
NTU : Number of Transfer Unit
GUI : Graphic User Interface
CFD : Computational Fluid Dynamics
CATIA : Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application
ANSYS : Analysis System
APDL : ANSYS Parametric Design Language
LMTD : Log Mean Temperature Difference
xvi
APPENDIX D
GLOSSARY
Alloy A metal made by combining two or more metallic
elements
Braze Form, fix, or join by soldering with an alloy of
copperand zinc at high temperature
Extrude Shape (a material such as metal or plastic) by
forcing it through a die
COP A measure of efficiency of a refrigerator or heat
pump
Effectiveness Efficiency of heat exchanger
FLUENT A version of Ansys software called as Ansys
FLUENT
Fouling Build-up of a layer of dirt or other substance on
the tube surfaces of the heat exchanger
Hypocaust An ancient Roman heating system, comprising a
hollow spaceunder the floor of a building, into
which hot air was directed
Interfacial Included between two faces of a crystal or other
solid
Impingement To make an impression
TaguchiMatrix Design A type of general fractional factorial design
Thermal Conductivity Measure of a material’s ability to conductheat
xvii
REFERENCES
1. Nirmal Parmar,Kevin Shah;A research paper on “Design and Analysis of Shell and Tube Type
Heat Exchanger”.LAP LAMBERT academic Publishing, Republic of Moldova,Czech Republic
2. NPTEL,A research paper on “Process Design of Parallel Flow Shell and Tube Heat
Exchangers”,Department of Chemical Engineering .2016
3. P.Rodriguez, Director,Indira Gandhi centre for atomic Research;A Research Paper on “Selection
of Materials for Heat Exchangers”.Kalpakkam ,INDIA.2015
4. Materials used in heat exchanger pipes, Authors: - Vincent Gingery
5. O.Cakir, A. Yardimen, T. Ozben, “Selection of coolants in shell abd tube heat exchangers”,
Journal Of Achievement in materials and manufacturing engineering, volume 25, issue 2,
December 2007.
6. JP Holman, “Heat and Mass Tranfer”, Year 2007, Page no. 5-7 & 20-39.
7. cengel, Y. A., Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach, 2"d Edition, McGraw- Hill, 2003.
8. White, Frank. Viscous Fluid Flow. 3rd ed. New York: The McGraw-HillCompanies, Inc., 2006.
9. Conley, Nancy, Adeniyi Lawal, and Arun B. Mujumdar. ―An Assessment of the Accuracy of
Numerical Solutions to the Graetz Problem.‖ Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer. Vol.12. Pergamon
Press Ltd. 1985.
10. Kays, William, Michael Crawford, and Bernhard Weigand. Convective Heat and Mass
Transfer. 4th ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,2005
11. . Sellars J., M. Tribus, and J. Klein. ―Heat Transfer to Laminar Flow in a Round Tube or Flat
Conduit—The Graetz Problem Extended.‖ The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Paper No. 55-SA-66 AD-A280 848. New York. 1955.
12. Subramanian, Shankar R. ―The Graetz Problem.‖ Web. 12 Apr. 2012.
xviii
13. K.S.Hwang, S.K.Jang, S.U.S.Chio, Flow and convective heat transfer characteristics of water-
based Al2O3 nanofluids in fully developed laminar flow regime, International Journal of Heat
and Mass Transfer, 52 (2009) 193-199.
14. Bianco, F. Chiacchio, O. Manca, S. Nardini, Numerical investigationof nanofluids forced
convection in circular tubes, Applied Valko, Peter P. ―Solution of the Graetz-Brinkman
Problem with the Laplace Transform Galerkin Method.‖ International Journal of Heat and Mass
Transfer 48. 2005.
15. Blackwell, B.F. ―Numerical Results for the Solution of the Graetz Problem for a Bingham
Plastic in Laminar Tube Flow with Constant Wall Temperature.‖ Sandia Report. Aug. 1984.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Web. 12 Apr. 2012.
16. White, F.M., Fluid Mechanics, 3rd edition. Mc- Graw Hill, 1994- 2792.

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Appendices + reference for B.TECH MECHANICAL 4TH YR PROJECT

  • 1. xii APPENDIX A LIST OF FIGURES S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 1.1 Typical induced draught Air cooled heat exchanger 6 1.2 Double pipe parallel flow heat exchanger 7 1.3 Extended Surface heat exchanger 7 1.4 Brazed plate heat exchanger 8 1.5 Spiral wounded heat exchanger 9 1.6 Barometric condenser 10 1.7 Bayonet Tube heat exchanger 12 1.8 Scraped Surface heat exchanger 12 1.9 Falling film water cooler 13 1.10 Shell and Tube type heat exchanger 14 1.11 Shell and tube heat exchanger construction 15 1.12 Grooving in tubes 17 1.13 Fluid distribution to tubes 18 1.14 Pass ribs 19 1.15 Double Segmental Baffle arrangement 20
  • 2. xiii 3.4 Tube type heat exchanger designing in catia 32 3.5 Padding by Pad command 33 3.6 Pocketing by Pocketcommand 34 3.7 Shaft command used 34 3.8 Rib command use d 35 3.9 Slot command used 36 3.10 Temperature estimation at extremeties by ANSYS 39 4.1 Galvanised steel sheet 40 4.2 Nanofluid (CuO) 41 4.3 Calling Model in ANSYS 45 4.4 Simulation in ANSYS 48 4.5 Model Finishing in ANSYS 48 4.6 Finished Model of heat exchanger in Volume profile 49 5.1 Modified Graetz problem ANSYS workbench Model 53
  • 3. xiv APPENDIX B LIST OF TABLES TABLE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. TABLE 1.0 TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS 4 TABLE 3.1 MATERIALS AND THEIR COSTS 40 TABLE 4.1 GEOMETRY DEFINING 44 TABLE 4.2 COORDINATE DEFINING 45 TABLE 4.3 STEADY STATE THERMAL SOLUTIONS 45 TABLE 4.4 DEFINING FLUID PROPERTIES 48 TABLE 5.1 TEMPERATURE VS EFFECTIVENESS(WATER) 57 TABLE 5.2 TEMPERATURE VS EFFECTIVENESS(CuO) 58
  • 4. xv APPENDIXC LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED CuO : CopperOxide NTU : Number of Transfer Unit GUI : Graphic User Interface CFD : Computational Fluid Dynamics CATIA : Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application ANSYS : Analysis System APDL : ANSYS Parametric Design Language LMTD : Log Mean Temperature Difference
  • 5. xvi APPENDIX D GLOSSARY Alloy A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements Braze Form, fix, or join by soldering with an alloy of copperand zinc at high temperature Extrude Shape (a material such as metal or plastic) by forcing it through a die COP A measure of efficiency of a refrigerator or heat pump Effectiveness Efficiency of heat exchanger FLUENT A version of Ansys software called as Ansys FLUENT Fouling Build-up of a layer of dirt or other substance on the tube surfaces of the heat exchanger Hypocaust An ancient Roman heating system, comprising a hollow spaceunder the floor of a building, into which hot air was directed Interfacial Included between two faces of a crystal or other solid Impingement To make an impression TaguchiMatrix Design A type of general fractional factorial design Thermal Conductivity Measure of a material’s ability to conductheat
  • 6. xvii REFERENCES 1. Nirmal Parmar,Kevin Shah;A research paper on “Design and Analysis of Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger”.LAP LAMBERT academic Publishing, Republic of Moldova,Czech Republic 2. NPTEL,A research paper on “Process Design of Parallel Flow Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers”,Department of Chemical Engineering .2016 3. P.Rodriguez, Director,Indira Gandhi centre for atomic Research;A Research Paper on “Selection of Materials for Heat Exchangers”.Kalpakkam ,INDIA.2015 4. Materials used in heat exchanger pipes, Authors: - Vincent Gingery 5. O.Cakir, A. Yardimen, T. Ozben, “Selection of coolants in shell abd tube heat exchangers”, Journal Of Achievement in materials and manufacturing engineering, volume 25, issue 2, December 2007. 6. JP Holman, “Heat and Mass Tranfer”, Year 2007, Page no. 5-7 & 20-39. 7. cengel, Y. A., Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach, 2"d Edition, McGraw- Hill, 2003. 8. White, Frank. Viscous Fluid Flow. 3rd ed. New York: The McGraw-HillCompanies, Inc., 2006. 9. Conley, Nancy, Adeniyi Lawal, and Arun B. Mujumdar. ―An Assessment of the Accuracy of Numerical Solutions to the Graetz Problem.‖ Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer. Vol.12. Pergamon Press Ltd. 1985. 10. Kays, William, Michael Crawford, and Bernhard Weigand. Convective Heat and Mass Transfer. 4th ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,2005 11. . Sellars J., M. Tribus, and J. Klein. ―Heat Transfer to Laminar Flow in a Round Tube or Flat Conduit—The Graetz Problem Extended.‖ The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Paper No. 55-SA-66 AD-A280 848. New York. 1955. 12. Subramanian, Shankar R. ―The Graetz Problem.‖ Web. 12 Apr. 2012.
  • 7. xviii 13. K.S.Hwang, S.K.Jang, S.U.S.Chio, Flow and convective heat transfer characteristics of water- based Al2O3 nanofluids in fully developed laminar flow regime, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52 (2009) 193-199. 14. Bianco, F. Chiacchio, O. Manca, S. Nardini, Numerical investigationof nanofluids forced convection in circular tubes, Applied Valko, Peter P. ―Solution of the Graetz-Brinkman Problem with the Laplace Transform Galerkin Method.‖ International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48. 2005. 15. Blackwell, B.F. ―Numerical Results for the Solution of the Graetz Problem for a Bingham Plastic in Laminar Tube Flow with Constant Wall Temperature.‖ Sandia Report. Aug. 1984. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. 16. White, F.M., Fluid Mechanics, 3rd edition. Mc- Graw Hill, 1994- 2792.