UNIT-2 image enhancement.pdf Image Processing Unit 2 AKTU
Appendices + reference for B.TECH MECHANICAL 4TH YR PROJECT
1. xii
APPENDIX A
LIST OF FIGURES
S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1.1 Typical induced draught Air cooled heat exchanger 6
1.2 Double pipe parallel flow heat exchanger 7
1.3 Extended Surface heat exchanger 7
1.4 Brazed plate heat exchanger 8
1.5 Spiral wounded heat exchanger 9
1.6 Barometric condenser 10
1.7 Bayonet Tube heat exchanger 12
1.8 Scraped Surface heat exchanger 12
1.9 Falling film water cooler 13
1.10 Shell and Tube type heat exchanger 14
1.11 Shell and tube heat exchanger construction 15
1.12 Grooving in tubes 17
1.13 Fluid distribution to tubes 18
1.14 Pass ribs 19
1.15 Double Segmental Baffle arrangement 20
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3.4 Tube type heat exchanger designing in catia 32
3.5 Padding by Pad command 33
3.6 Pocketing by Pocketcommand 34
3.7 Shaft command used 34
3.8 Rib command use d 35
3.9 Slot command used 36
3.10 Temperature estimation at extremeties by ANSYS 39
4.1 Galvanised steel sheet 40
4.2 Nanofluid (CuO) 41
4.3 Calling Model in ANSYS 45
4.4 Simulation in ANSYS 48
4.5 Model Finishing in ANSYS 48
4.6 Finished Model of heat exchanger in Volume profile 49
5.1 Modified Graetz problem ANSYS workbench Model 53
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APPENDIX B
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
TABLE 1.0 TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS 4
TABLE 3.1 MATERIALS AND THEIR COSTS 40
TABLE 4.1 GEOMETRY DEFINING 44
TABLE 4.2 COORDINATE DEFINING 45
TABLE 4.3 STEADY STATE THERMAL SOLUTIONS 45
TABLE 4.4 DEFINING FLUID PROPERTIES 48
TABLE 5.1 TEMPERATURE VS EFFECTIVENESS(WATER) 57
TABLE 5.2 TEMPERATURE VS EFFECTIVENESS(CuO) 58
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APPENDIXC
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED
CuO : CopperOxide
NTU : Number of Transfer Unit
GUI : Graphic User Interface
CFD : Computational Fluid Dynamics
CATIA : Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application
ANSYS : Analysis System
APDL : ANSYS Parametric Design Language
LMTD : Log Mean Temperature Difference
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APPENDIX D
GLOSSARY
Alloy A metal made by combining two or more metallic
elements
Braze Form, fix, or join by soldering with an alloy of
copperand zinc at high temperature
Extrude Shape (a material such as metal or plastic) by
forcing it through a die
COP A measure of efficiency of a refrigerator or heat
pump
Effectiveness Efficiency of heat exchanger
FLUENT A version of Ansys software called as Ansys
FLUENT
Fouling Build-up of a layer of dirt or other substance on
the tube surfaces of the heat exchanger
Hypocaust An ancient Roman heating system, comprising a
hollow spaceunder the floor of a building, into
which hot air was directed
Interfacial Included between two faces of a crystal or other
solid
Impingement To make an impression
TaguchiMatrix Design A type of general fractional factorial design
Thermal Conductivity Measure of a material’s ability to conductheat
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REFERENCES
1. Nirmal Parmar,Kevin Shah;A research paper on “Design and Analysis of Shell and Tube Type
Heat Exchanger”.LAP LAMBERT academic Publishing, Republic of Moldova,Czech Republic
2. NPTEL,A research paper on “Process Design of Parallel Flow Shell and Tube Heat
Exchangers”,Department of Chemical Engineering .2016
3. P.Rodriguez, Director,Indira Gandhi centre for atomic Research;A Research Paper on “Selection
of Materials for Heat Exchangers”.Kalpakkam ,INDIA.2015
4. Materials used in heat exchanger pipes, Authors: - Vincent Gingery
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convection in circular tubes, Applied Valko, Peter P. ―Solution of the Graetz-Brinkman
Problem with the Laplace Transform Galerkin Method.‖ International Journal of Heat and Mass
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15. Blackwell, B.F. ―Numerical Results for the Solution of the Graetz Problem for a Bingham
Plastic in Laminar Tube Flow with Constant Wall Temperature.‖ Sandia Report. Aug. 1984.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Web. 12 Apr. 2012.
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