Experimental Investigation on the Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Thermosyph...
ayush balagopal final ppt
1. ORIENTAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
Session: 2016-17
Presented By
Name : Ayush Balagopal
Roll no:0126ME141038
ME - V Semester
Guided By:
Name : Prof. Abdul Hameed Khan
Department of Mechanical Engineering
“Thermal Analysis Of Natural Draught Cross-
Flow Cooling Tower With the Help Of CFD”
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
2. The Main Objective Of My Proposed Work is take
different air entering angles and check cooling effect
of that angles
4. A cooling tower is a secondary heat transfer device in
any typical Thermal power plant. A primacy heat
transfer equipment such steam condenser needs large
quantities of cooling water which needs to be cooled
externally using a secondary device such as a cooling
tower. One of the earliest and simplest cooling towers
available is a nature draught cross flow type. Plat 1 and
2 show photographic views of typical natural draught
cooling tower used in power plants.
5. Cooling is an important operation on all chemical and on many other types of
industrial plant. Large quantities of heat have often to be removed from the plant
fluids, and water is one of the most readily available agents to which this heat may be
transferred. To give some idea of the quantities of water involved, it may be noted
that a large power station can require cooling water at a rate of about 15,000,000
gallons per hour, while one large chemical works pumps water from a river at the rate
of over 7,700,000 gallons per hour. The most obvious source of water for a large
industrial plant is a river, estuary, or canal, in fact many such plants are sited near to
suitable bodies of water of this kind. It is clear from the foregoing that the large-scale
use of cooling water may not always be consistent, for practical or economic reasons,
with the use of a one – through cooling system, i.e. of a system in which the water,
after passing once through the plant coolers, is discharged to waste. Under this
condition, the use of a circulating system may become advisable. In this system, the
water leaving the plant coolers is not allowed to run to waste but is circulated
repeatedly, first passing through some device, such as a water cooling tower, in which
the heat picked up from the plant fluids is transferred to the atmospheric air. In this
way, it is much more economically water system then from canal.
7. Cross flow is a design in which the air flow is directed perpendicular to
the water flow (see diagram below). Air flow enters one or more
vertical faces of the cooling tower to meet the fill material.Water
flows (perpendicular to the air) through the fill by gravity.
8. In a counter flow design the air flow is directly opposite of the water flow
(see diagram below). Air flow first enters an open area beneath the fill media
and is then drawn up vertically. The water is sprayed through pressurized
nozzles and flows downward through the fill, opposite to the air flow.
9. The first serious attempt in cooling tower analysis seems to have been made
in 1907 when I.V. Robinson [1] produced a pioneer paper on natural draught
towers. In this, the performance of the tower was reduced to a “figure of
merit”. Unfortunately, being accustomed to working on condensers where
the absorbent heat has a specific heat which is virtually constant, his
calculations for the driving force were based upon the assumption that heat
transfer depend upon the mean temperature difference instead of on the
total heat content of the air. He also tried to determine a “friction constant”
for the tower which combined the shell resistant and the water lift weight.
In 1922, P. Robinson and C. S. Roll [2] presented a thesis on cooling tower
performance, followed by a theoretical analysis byWalker, Mc Adams and
Lewis [3] in 1923. In both instances the investigators developed the basic
equations for total mass and energy transfer, and considered each processes
separately.
10. The practical use of basic differential equation, however, was first presented by
Merkel [4] in which he combined the equations for heat and water vapour transfer and
showed the utility of total heat or enthalpy difference as a driving force to allow for
both sensible and latent heats.The basic postulation and approximations that are
inherent in Merkel’s theory are:
The resistance for heat transfer in the liquid film is negligible.
The mass flow rate of water per unit cross sectional area of the tower is constant, i.e.
there is no loss of water due to evaporation.
The specific heat of the air – steam mixture at constant pressure is the same as that of
dry air.
The Lewis number for humid air is unity.
The analysis of cooling tower performance has been studied and developed over the
last century. Investigations on the performance and its factors have been widely
studied. Heat and mass transfer are the core principles in these analyses.
11. Bahidarah [5] stated that the method generally used for cooling tower
calculation was developed by Merkel over 70 years ago.The equation was
presented in a differential from known as Merkel mathematical modelling
and was used for describing the distributions of water and air-conditions
along the cooling tower. However, an obvious disadvantage of Merkel
equation was based on the assumptions that evaporation of water flow was
neglected in energy balance and saturated air was at the exit.These
assumptions made the results inaccurate.
A detailed explanation of the procedure for developing Merkel’s basic
equation applied to counter – flow cooling towers was outlined by Baker and
Shryock [6].
12. Zubair [7] investigated the performance characteristics
through the cooling tower.The result showed that a majority
mode of heat transfer rate is evaporation, where it was
62.5% of the total heat transfer rate at the bottom and about
90% of that at the top of the tower. Since evaporation is by
far the most effective factor in cooling towers, the accuracy
of the predicted conditions are directly dependent on it.
13. The previous work of given field done on the
given point
1.cop calculation
2.simple thermal analysis using formulas
3.cooling effectiveness check only 28degree
14. First of all to take the reading by jp thermal
plant by cooling tower regulating cometies
After that these reading to use in CFD softwer
as diffrent air entering angles and to check
how much angle give more effective ness.
16. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a computer-based simulation
method for analysing fluid flow, heat transfer, and related phenomena
such as chemical reactions. OR
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the use of applied mathematics,
physics and computational software to visualize how a gas or liquid flows
-- as well as how the gas or liquid affects objects as it flows past.
Computational fluid dynamics is based on the Navier-Stokes
equations.These equations describe how the velocity, pressure,
temperature, and density of a moving fluid are related.
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53
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system, Energy and Buildings 55 (2012) 102–108
