Elm3 chart11 13

1. Section A

2. In academic writing, we sometimes use a
gerund to introduce the topic of a paragraph
or essay.
INTRODUCING A TOPIC WITH A GERUND SUBJECT:
Being a responsible member of one’s community is
important to the success of representative democracy.

3. In academic writing, we sometimes use a
gerund to introduce the topic of a paragraph
or essay.
INTRODUCING A TOPIC WITH A GERUND SUBJECT:
Traveling to foreign countries and experiencing
different cultures is a great opportunity.

4. Section B

5. We often use a noun phrase + be +
a to- infinitive in writing to introduce an
important point or idea.
INTRODUCING AN IDEA WITH NOUN + BE + TO- INFINITIVE:
The first rule of letter writing is to make
your purpose clear to your audience.

6. We often use a noun phrase + be +
a to- infinitive in writing to introduce an
important point or idea.
INTRODUCING AN IDEA WITH NOUN + BE + TO- INFINITIVE:
Our primary challenge is to provide
good feedback. A secondary challenge
is to help…

7. We often use a noun phrase + be +
a to- infinitive in writing to introduce an
important point or idea.
INTRODUCING AN IDEA WITH NOUN + BE + TO- INFINITIVE:
Common nouns used to introduce an important point include:
aim goal
challenge idea
method
plan
rule
solution
step
way

8. Section C

9. In writing, we sometimes use a series of gerund
phrases or to- infinitives in a sentence.
GERUNDS AND TO- INFINITIVES IN A SERIES:
The best things about my trip
were meeting new people,
staying on a farm, and eating great food.
In conclusion, being a good boss
depends on being organized, giving
your employees good feedback, and
understanding that they are only human.

10. Remember: When we use a series of
to- infinitives, it’s not always necessary to
repeat the word to.
GERUNDS AND TO- INFINITIVES IN A SERIES:
Someday I hope to see where my grandparents
grew up and learn about their culture.
Ideas in a series should have the same grammatical form.
We call this parallelism.