complete slide on Khaira Disease of Rice. i have Collected the data from various sources and i have given the reference.

1. BHORAMDEO COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
KAWARDHA, C.G.
SUBMITTED TO :-
Mr. Nilesh Sahu
(Asst. Professor, BCA
Kawardha, C.G.)
SUBMITTED BY :-
Ankish Hota
3rd Year, 1st Sem.
Roll no. - 20202687
Presentation on :-
“Khaira Disease of Rice”
Course Code :- APP-5311
Course Title :- Disease of Field & Horticultural Crops and Their management
Session :- 2022-23
Credit Hours – 3(2+1)

2. RICE
“KHAIRA DISEASE”

3. Table of Contents
 Introduction – Khaira Disease of Rice.
 History of Khaira Disease of Rice.
 Causes of Khaira Disease of Rice.
 Some other causes of Khaira in Rice
plants.
 Important note on Tip Burn Disease and
Khaira Disease.
 Symptoms of Khaira Disease in Rice.
 Control/Treatment of Khaira Disease.
 Final Verdict.
 Reference.

4. Khaira Disease of Rice
 Khaira disease of Rice is micro-nutritional (Zn)
deficiency characterized by the presence of
dusty brown patches on leaves which
ultimately undergo necrosis.
 This is one the most common disease in rice.
As it affects the leaf of plant-the rate of
photosynthesis decreases which ultimately
causes (25-30)% production loss.
 The disease is called so because-During initial
finding the farmers find resemblance in colour
of affected rice and catechu same. As catechu
is called Khair in India. The disease was named
as khaira disease.
Catechu Plant
Khaira in Rice Plant

5. History of Khaira Disease of Rice
 Dr. Y.L. Nene first discovered the Khaira
disease of Rice in Tarai of UP of India in the
year 1966.
 Initially - Dr. Nene studied the symptoms in
relation to microbes or any other pathogen
but couldn’t find any relation between them.
 Later - He found that the pH of soil is high
i.e., alkaline where the prevalence
of khaira disease is more and pH of non-
affected soil was less.
 He knew - Some nutritions availability is
dependent on pH of soil. Then he started to
analyse the soil in laboratory. Finally-He
found that-There is deficiency of Zinc (Zn) in
soil where khaira disease is seen.
Dr. Yeshwant Laxman Nene

6. Causes of Khaira Disease
 Many people thought that Khaira disease is caused by some
pathogen or micro-organisms. But- That is not true.
 The main cause of Khaira disease of rice is deficiency of Zinc (Zn) in
cultivated soil. Zinc is a essential micronutrient required to plants. So,
Khaira disease is more a physiological disorder rather than a disease.
 Khaira disease is seen mainly on calcarious soil. The reason for this is-
Both Ca and Zn are absorbed from the same side of soil. When
calcium becomes high-then the availability of zinc greatly reduces
and start to show symptoms of khaira disease.
 Sometime-The flooded condition of field for long time increases the
pH of soil which increases the loss of zinc in the form of Zn(OH)2 and
limits this nutrient.

7. Some other causes of Khaira in Rice plant are :-
✓High density planting of
Rice crop.
✓High Phosphorus content
in soil.
✓High Bicarbonate
concentration in Irrigation
water.

8. Note :-
 Many people confuses on Tip Burn
disease and Khaira disease of rice.
They are different.
 Tip Burn disease in rice is caused
different factors mainly by water
lodging in field causing the lack of
oxygen in root zone
whereas khaira disease of rice is
caused the deficiency of zinc.
 In Tip Burn Disease - Only tip of
rice plant leaf go under necrosis
while it doesn’t affect the other
part of rice plant but, In Khaira
disease - The whole leaf lamina
turns brown and undergo necrosis.

9. Symptoms of Khaira Disease in Rice
There are many symptoms seen different parts of rice plant in khaira disease of rice. If
these symptoms are identified at early stage-then khaira disease can be easily controlled
minimising our loss.
Most common symptoms seen on rice during the infestation of Khaira Disease are:-
 The symptoms of khaira disease is shown after (2-3) weeks of transplantation of rice.
 The peculiar symptom is - Yellowing of leaf at start and dusty brown patches are seen on leaf of
rice. Later-These dusty patches covers whole leaf lamina. These patches looks like rust in iron.
 Chlorosis (Lack Of Chlorophyll) is seen in affected leaves especially on lower leaves. Chlorosis
occurs from basal part of leaf. This is because Zinc is responsible for the formation of
chlorophyll.
 Stunted growth of plant. Rice cannot attain good height.
 There is no proper development of roots. Sometimes - Roots of rice plant also turns brown and
fibrous are totally destroyed.
 The formation of ear (Grain Bearing Tip) is greatly reduced.

10. Control/Treatment of Khaira Disease
The disease should be controlled as soon as the symptoms are seen to minimize
our production loss.
The control and treatment methods of Khaira disease are listed below:-
 khaira disease of rice can be controlled by spraying ZnSo4 in nursery bed of
rice before transplanting in main field.
 During transplantation - ZnSo4 should be applied at the rate of (25-30) kg
per hector of land.
 Seed priming i.e Dipping of seed on ZnO solution before sowing in field
helps to reduce Zn deficiency.
 As high pH reduces the availability of Zinc. We should give priority to use
fertilizers which reduces pH of soil like-We can use ammonium sulphate
instead of Urea for N.
 Water logging should be avoided and there should be proper management
of drainage in field.

11. Final Verdict
• Khaira Disease Of Rice can be disastrous for farmers
whose life is entirely dependent on rice cultivation.
• If this disease can be controlled at the initial stage of
attack, then Khaira Disease Of Rice can be easily
controlled and we can get good production.
• Moreover, We should do a consult with an expert.
Awareness programs should be created among
farmers.
• Government should provide free medicine for the
Khaira disease as rice is major Agriculture Product
contributing to AGDP of any country.

12. Reference :-
Bhattarai, P (2020). Khaira Disease of Rice [Article in Google]. Agricultural Guide.
https://guide2agriculture.com/khaira-disease-of-rice/