Differing perspectives involved with the foreign aid journey.

1. Foreign aid, perspectives and
its importance as a global
citizen
By Angus Webster
Student ID:10148422

2. Foreign aid
”The voluntary transfer of
resources from one country to
another country. This transfer
includes any flow of capital to
developing countries. A
developing country usually
does not have a robust
industrial base and is
characterized by a low human
development index (HDI).”1
Between 2000-2017 the net
official development
assistance and official aid
received rose by over US$109
billion.
Figure 1. taken from
www.oecd.org/dac/stats/daclistofodar
ecipients
It shows the distribution of the Least
developed countries in the world. 33
are found in Africa, 9 in Asia and 4 in
Oceania2.

3. Does foreign aid hinder the
development of countries
Figure 2. Showing aid as a percentage of
GNI: you can see where the 0.7%
benchmark is by the dotted line and the
countries which surpass this benchmark.
The UK spends the 6th largest
proportion of its GNI on aid
globally3.
Yet is the money being spent
effectively, and bringing people out
of poverty?
627 million out of 700 million
people lifted out of poverty
between 1980-2010 were Chinese4.

4. Importance as a global citizen5
A.) Aid attempts to
increase the quality of
life of people to increase
equality.
B.) Transnational
flows illustrate its
complexity.
C.) Health and
Poverty are key
aspects of the
implementation of
foreign aid.
D.) Aid involves the
participation of
many different
organizations.

5. Different Bodies involved in the aid
process
The Taxpayer Government
Global
Organisation
eg. UN or
World Bank
UN:Habitat7,8
Kenyan
Government
Division eg.
KENSUP
Local Project
eg. Kiberan
Slum
20 million Kenyans
live on less than
US$1.25 a day.
One of the
largest slums
in the world,
700,000-
1,000,000
population9,1
0,11.
UK Contributes
0.7% of GNI to
aid, roughly £137
per person6.
Perspective: Trump administration
plans to cut US government aid:
saying federal budget should be
aimed at domestic issues. Some
aid projects have been seen to be
ineffective and mishandled.

6. UN-Habitat: Perspective of Success
in Kenya
Taken from http://www.fao.org/sustainable-
development-goals/mdg/goal-7/en/
Figure 3. comparing the Kiberan
slum to the UN:Habitat and
KENSUP apartments.
As of 2013: 17 blocks of flats were
completed. Each block totaling five-
storeys. 600, three-roomed self-
contained apartments12,13.
Government funding received which
was estimated to be US$13 billion for
the full implementation of the project12.

7. 1st hand Perspective of affected Kiberan
residents: Migare-Miluka and her family
2009: Migare-Miluka moved from her house
to temporary residence in Migingo14,15.
From $5-$7 a month and shared with
another family16.
Apartment took seven years to build.
2016: Apartment ready, Migare-Miluka and
her did not have access to an apartment
and were stranded in temporary housing.
Kenya has a corruption score of 27 (0-most Corrupt:
100- least corrupt).

8. My perspective: why I chose this
topic
My original perspective I believed from what I have read that aid is a very
important industry and must be maintained, global bodies do have a lot of
evidence of achievement in increasing the quality of lives for people living in
poverty.
However from looking at different perspectives such as for Migare-Miluka, it is a
prime example of the ineffectiveness and failure of aid.
Through my research, to a degree I can agree with the American governments
plan to cut aid.
However, this is a isolated stance, not one of a global citizen, it does not make
the planet more equal, fair or sustainable.
Therefore ultimately I believe aid should be implemented, but changes should be
made in order to increase its effectiveness.
These changes include: 1.) Better diagnosis.
2.) involving aid receivers in plans.

9. The End
Thank You for Listening !!

10. References
1. Agarwal, P. Foreign aid . Intelligent Economist . [Online] August 8th, 2019. [Cited: December 28th , 2019 .]
https://www.intelligenteconomist.com/foreign-aid/.
2. UN. The 2018 triennial review of the LDC category . United Nations LDC Portal . [Online] March 16th, 2018. [Cited: January 4th, 2020.]
https://www.un.org/ldcportal/the-2018-triennial-review-of-the-ldc-category/.
3. Economia. Are there better ways to solve global poverty than aid? ICAEW. [Online] March 4th, 2015. [Cited: January 1st, 2019.]
https://economia.icaew.com/features/march-2015/are-there-better-ways-to-solve-global-poverty-than-aid.
4. Ditcher, T. I’ve worked in foreign aid for 50 years—Trump is right to end it, even if his reasons are wrong . Quartz . [Online] Quartz , April 21, 2017.
[Cited: December 19th, 2019.] https://qz.com/959416/time-to-end-foreign-aid-but-for-the-right-reasons/.
5. Oxfam. What is Global Citizenship . Oxfam . [Online] February 4th, 2019. [Cited: January 4th, 2020.] https://www.oxfam.org.uk/education/who-we-
are/what-is-global-citizenship.
6. Shendruk, A. A simple guide to exactly how the United Nations is funded. . Quartz . [Online] September 24th , 2019. [Cited: January 3rd , 2019.]
https://qz.com/1712054/who-funds-the-united-nations/.
7. Sundholm, M. UN-Habitat: United nations human settlements program. Office for the general secretaries envoy of youth. [Online] December 13th,
2019. [Cited: January 3rd , 2019.] https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2013/08/un-habitat-united-nations-human-settlements-programme/.
8. Kassim, A., Jaidika, A., Kanyinda, A., Arimah, B., Shen, J., Otieno, R. UN Global Activities Report: Increasing Synergy For Greater National
Ownership . s.l. : UN Habitat , 2015 .
9. Urban Slum Morphology and Socio-economic Analogies: A Case Study of Kibera Slum, Nairobi, Kenya. Mukeku, J. 1, s.l. : SAGE journals , 2018, Vol. 1.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2455747118790581.
10. Ngunjiri, W. Nairobi Slum Dwellers Feel Let Down by the ‘Promised Land’. CityLimits . [Online] May 2nd, 2018. [Cited: January 4th , 2019.]
https://citylimits.org/2018/05/02/nairobi-slum-dwellers-feel-let-down-by-the-promised-land/.
11. Fihlani, P. Kenya's Kibera slum gets a revamp . BBC news . [Online] BBC news , February 23rd , 2015 . [Cited: January 2nd , 2019.]
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31540911.
12. Anderson, M., Mwelu, K. Kenyan Slum Upgrading Programs: KISIP & KENSUP. 2007.
13. MDG's. Millenium Development Goals . World Health Organisation . [Online] December 1, 2019. [Cited: January 4th, 2019.]
https://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/en/.
14. Langat, A. Promises kept? Residents stranded in temporary shelters after housing project stalls. Devex . [Online] February 14th, 2019. [Cited: January
4th, 2019.] https://www.devex.com/news/promises-kept-residents-stranded-in-temporary-shelters-after-housing-project-stalls-93881.
15. Kibera: the biggest slum in Africa ? Desgroppes, A., Taupin, S. 1, s.l. : HAL, 2012 , Vol. 44.
16. Park, J-D. Assessing the role of foreign aid: Donor and Recipients. Re-investing Africa's Development aid . s.l. : Springer Link, 2019, Vol. 1.