1 9 Executive Summary The research project focuses on cultural subsystems such as religion, kinship, and recreation, as well as Mexico's prevailing perspectives regarding time, change, and material issues. It also contrasts Mexico with the United States in terms of Hofstede's findings on the four characteristics of culture: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and individualism. The investigation discovers that Catholicism is the most widely practiced religion in Mexico and that kinship relationships are extremely important to many Mexicans. While bullfights are the most popular spectator sports in the country, popular sports like soccer, baseball, and jai-alai are also popular among locals. People in Mexico believe that time is limitless, and they are open to change and material circumstances since they value achievement. According to Hofstede's four cultural dimensions, Mexico, unlike the United States, has a high power distance, a strong propensity for avoiding uncertainty, and is a collectivist society. Although both countries have high levels of masculinity, masculinity is evident in the United States at both the individual and national levels. As the U.S. manager of a Mexican business, these discrepancies have a substantial impact on my managerial activities. Cultural Profile of Mexico Mexico is the third-largest country in Latin America, behind Brazil and Argentina. It is located in the south of North America. Both extremes of poverty and prosperity characterize the country. Due to its industrial basis, immense natural resources, and large population, it remains one of Latin America's most powerful economic and political forces. Around 18 percent of the population lives in extreme poverty, and school dropout rates, absenteeism, and grade repeat are major issues in poor regions (Icfdn, 2019). It has seen a series of economic booms as a result of these, which have resulted in a number of significant social advantages. Cultural Subsystems Religion, kinship, and recreation are the three main cultural subsystems in Mexico. Marriage, family, and gender roles and statuses are some of the other subsystems. Religion Mexico's major religion is Catholic, and the indigenous people of Mexico gladly accept its ideas and traditions. According to research, the people of Mexico accepted Catholicism following the Spanish invasion, and Catholic beliefs still saturate everyday life in Mexico. Furthermore, the Catholic Church has played an important and significant role in Mexican history. For example, the Virgin of Guadalupe, the country's patron saint, has a shrine in Mexico City that draws thousands of pilgrims from around the world. The Catholic calendar determines the most important religious festivals in Mexico, such as Easter. As a result, priests are the most important religious practitioners, officiating at events like as weddings, births, and conducting regular religious services. Kinship Despite the fact that family membe ...

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9
Executive Summary
The research project focuses on cultural subsystems such as
religion, kinship, and recreation, as well as Mexico's prevailing
perspectives regarding time, change, and material issues. It also
contrasts Mexico with the United States in terms of Hofstede's
findings on the four characteristics of culture: power distance,
uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and individualism. The
investigation discovers that Catholicism is the most widely
practiced religion in Mexico and that kinship relationships are
extremely important to many Mexicans. While bullfights are the
most popular spectator sports in the country, popular sports like
soccer, baseball, and jai-alai are also popular among locals.
People in Mexico believe that time is limitless, and they are
open to change and material circumstances since they value
achievement. According to Hofstede's four cultural dimensions,
Mexico, unlike the United States, has a high power distance, a
strong propensity for avoiding uncertainty, and is a collectivist
society. Although both countries have high levels of
masculinity, masculinity is evident in the United States at both
the individual and national levels. As the U.S. manager of a
Mexican business, these discrepancies have a substantial impact
on my managerial activities.
Cultural Profile of Mexico

2. Mexico is the third-largest country in Latin America, behind
Brazil and Argentina. It is located in the south of North
America. Both extremes of poverty and prosperity characterize
the country. Due to its industrial basis, immense natural
resources, and large population, it remains one of Latin
America's most powerful economic and political forces. Around
18 percent of the population lives in extreme poverty, and
school dropout rates, absenteeism, and grade repeat are major
issues in poor regions (Icfdn, 2019). It has seen a series of
economic booms as a result of these, which have resulted in a
number of significant social advantages.
Cultural Subsystems
Religion, kinship, and recreation are the three main cultural
subsystems in Mexico. Marriage, family, and gender roles and
statuses are some of the other subsystems.
Religion
Mexico's major religion is Catholic, and the indigenous people
of Mexico gladly accept its ideas and traditions. Accordi ng to
research, the people of Mexico accepted Catholicism following
the Spanish invasion, and Catholic beliefs still saturate
everyday life in Mexico. Furthermore, the Catholic Church has
played an important and significant role in Mexican history. For
example, the Virgin of Guadalupe, the country's patron saint,
has a shrine in Mexico City that draws thousands of pilgrims
from around the world. The Catholic calendar determines the
most important religious festivals in Mexico, such as Easter. As
a result, priests are the most important religious practitioners,
officiating at events like as weddings, births, and conducting
regular religious services.
Kinship
Despite the fact that family members in Mexico are occasionally
dispersed owing to foreign migration, kinship relationships are
extremely important to many Mexicans. As a result, people
actively seek out opportunities to assemble, such as religious
events. At baptismal ceremonies, Mexicans also develop strong
fictive kinship relationships through godfathers and mothers.

3. They think that strong familial links are the source of support,
trust, and solidarity, thus they activate these networks to
achieve certain goals. For example, many newlywed couples
reside with the husband's family until they can collect enough
money to build their own home. Families in rural settings live
near to one another and share common resources like land and
water.
Recreation
Football, or soccer as we know it in the United States, is the
most popular pastime in Mexico. Football is a sport that people
of all ages enjoy, whether they play or simply watch. When
significant games are held, practically the entire county comes
out to support their side.
Other Subsystems
In Mexico, marriage, family, and gender roles are all significant
cultural components. Mexicans have the freedom to choose their
partners when it comes to marriage. There are, however, rules
relating to class and race that influence and sometimes limit
people's marital choices. In Mexico, a marriage ceremony
consists of two parts: legal registration and a religious wedding,
which is usually performed by a priest due to Catholicism's
dominance. As a result, monogamy is the only type of marriage
permitted. Marriage is a particularly important ceremony in
Mexico because of the reverence for kinship ties. The nuclear
family is the most prevalent family unit, and the extended
nuclear family is especially essential for poor families.
Prevailing Attitudes
Time
Time is viewed as fluid, relaxed, and round in Mexico, and as a
result, people assume that time is limitless.
Change
Mexicans are typically open to change, as their political
participation demonstrates (Pastrana-Valls, 2017).
Material Factors
Mexico places a high value on success and performance, as well
as material factors.

4. Hofstede’s Four Dimensions of Culture
Hofstede's four cultural dimensions are the most widely used
cultural metrics since they define the most fundamental
characteristics of civilizations all over the world.
Power Distance
This refers to the extent to which the poor and less powerful
elements of society tolerate inequities among people and expect
those in power to gain agreement from the rest of the population
without needing to justify their actions.
Mexico
Mexico is a hierarchical culture in which people accept a
hierarchical system in which everyone has a position and hence
no additional justification is required. As a result, the culture
reflects fundamental inequities in which subordinates expect to
be ruled by a benign autocrat.
United States
The United States is a country with a low power distance and a
proclivity to minimize social status inequalities. Because the
American people do not support inequity, they want their
leaders to justify their need for compliance.
Uncertainty Avoidance
This dimension is defined by how comfortable society is with
ambiguity and uncertainty, and so it alludes to the level of
stress that the unknown future poses.
Mexico
Mexican culture is characterized by a strong desire to avoid
uncertainty, and as a result, it adheres to strict rules of beliefs
and customs. As a result, unorthodox thoughts and behaviors are
generally frowned upon in the country.
United States
Americans are open to new ideas and innovations, as well as
willing to try new things in general. People are more accepting
of other people's thoughts and ideas since the country
completely respects freedom of expression.
Masculinity
This dimension indicates a society's materialism and

5. achievement orientation.
Mexico
Mexico is a male society, hence the concept of hard effort is
valued. Assertiveness and decisiveness are demanded of leaders
and managers, and performance is valued.
United States
America has a strong masculinity drive that may be seen both
on a personal and national level.
Individualism
This dimension describes the degree to which society's members
are interdependent. It is defined by how individuals or groups
define their self-image.
Mexico
Mexico is a collectivist society in general, which is reflected in
its strong kinship bonds, which are marked by loyalty, trust, and
solidarity.
United States
The American society is loosely linked and has a short power
distance; it is a country that values individualism. Managers
want employees to be self-sufficient and initiative in the
workplace, and Americans tend to pursue their own interests
due to their significant geographic mobility.
Analysis
In terms of Hofstede's four dimensions, there are considerable
disparities between Mexico and the United States, and these are
likely to effect my managerial tasks as a U.S. manager of a
subsidiary in Mexico. For example, the cultural differences will
affect how I relate with people, particularly employees from the
two countries, and thus how I manage the subsidiary. Mexicans
tend to avoid risky situations like new ideas and innovations, I
may have difficulty implementing changes at the subsidiary,
which might stymie my efforts to succeed. As a result, I'll have
to rethink my management tactics and realign them with
Mexican values.
Recommendations
Understanding cultural differences and finding a means to

6. ensure organizational effectiveness are the greatest
recommendations for dealing with these variations in the
workplace. For example, to accommodate the current beliefs and
attitudes, the organizational structure and management
processes must be reorganized. Hiring personnel from both
Mexico and the United States and training them on how to
achieve corporate goals by working together is one example.
While the culture of Mexico differs greatly from that of the
United States, there are characteristics that can be included into
the management process to fulfill the subsidiary's objectives.
References
Pastrana-Valls, A. (2017, February 2). Values, attitudes, and
political participation in Mexico. Palabra Clave. Retrieved April
17, 2022, from
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S01
22-82852018000300673.
Icfdn. “4 Barriers to Quality Education in Mexico.”
International Community Foundation, 18 Oct. 2019,
https://icfdn.org/barriers-quality-education-
mexico/?gclid=CjwKCAjw9e6SBhB2EiwA5myr9pmYbguBu7aB
5PSPg_rTrc2DU2t3SnJSkqmFiORXyCVxmZfml7Ni1RoCfe4QA
vD_BwE.

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Research
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Abstract
People's sexual orientation and gender-typical childhood
behaviors like what toys they play with, who they play with,

8. and what activities they do can be very different between sexes
and even within each sex. It is thought that animals that are
exposed to gonadal steroids, especially testosterone and its
metabolites, when they are young change their behavior in ways
that show sex differences. Pregnant women who take steroid
hormones can be more likely to have sex-typed childhood
behaviors that predict their sexual orientation later in life,
according to this study. At least in some people, testosterone
exposure during pregnancy may have an effect on their sexual
orientation and the development of sex-type interests during
childhood. While hormones have been linked to early
development, it looks like there are many ways to get to a
certain sexual orientation, not all of which involve hormones.
Keywords: Testosterone, Fetal development, Gonadal steroids,
and Sexual orientation,
Research
Introduction
The sexual orientations of men and women, as well as people of
both sexes, are very different. If you're male, you're more likely
than women to be sex-crazed or sex-crazed. There is also a lot
of variation in each sex. Several women are androphiles, but not
all of them are. The whole reason why people have different
sexual orientations isn't known. It is thought that testosterone is
important in the development of most, if not all, behavioral sex
differences in other species. The extreme sex difference
suggests that testosterone, specifically, is important. Men and
women have the same primordial gonads when they are born
(Sabo:AWS, n.d.). They grow into testes or ovaries based on
their genes. Sex determination is how you figure out who you
are (Fisher et al., 2018). Sexual differentiation happens when
the gonads mature into testes and ovaries, and their hormones,
especially testicular hormones, affect how the body looks as a
male or female.
Neonatal or parenatal exposure to testicular hormones results in

9. male-typical development. Female-typical development is a
result of a testicular hormone deficiency. This demonstrates that
female growth does not require ovarian hormones, which will be
discussed in further depth later. According to Bütikofer et al.
(2019), the scientific evidence supports this notion for a wide
variety of brain regions and behaviors that are significantly
different between male and female animals on average. If
testosterone and other hormones make you feel sexually
attracted, you should read this study. It will demonstrate that
gonadotropins (natural hormones) have an effect on human
sexual orientation based on animal research. We'll examine the
following study to see how it attempts to determine how an
individual's sexual orientation is influenced by their early
endocrine environment. Finally, some future research directions
will be discussed.
Problem of the Study
There is overwhelming evidence that gonadal steroids play a big
role in the development of human sexual orientation and sex-
based behaviors in childhood. The whole reason why people
have different sexual orientations isn't known. It is thought that
testosterone is important in the development of most, if not all,
behavioral sex differences in other species. The extreme sex
difference suggests that testosterone, specifically, is important.
In other articles in this special edition, we've talked more about
some of the things we talked about here. For example, some
writers will talk about the genetic and neurological factors that
lead to different types of sexual behavior in non-human animals
that have been studied in the beginning (Luoto, Krams, and
Rantala, 2019). The research topic's main idea is that prenatal
hormone exposure can cause problems with gender identity and
intersex people during adolescence, as well as problems with
gender identity and intersex people. Each person's genes were
looked at individually, which led to some interesting results that
haven't been repeated (Bütikofer et al., 2019). A lot of people
who are intersex don't know what gender they are, and proxy
indicators for prenatal hormone exposure don't show strong

10. trends in transgender communities, according to research. So,
I'd like to do the gene study again and see if the results are
different this time around. One of the ways I came up with my
hypothesis was to do non-experimental research that found
cause and effect relationships that could be turned into an
experimental hypothesis.
Hypothesis
Each study topic has the same problems and design constraints
at the heart of it. The next sections can look at both theoretical
and practical aspects of how to do a good job of examining sex
differences. Many studies have used the methods or remedies
that have been suggested for each problem. There are two
important things to think about while hypothesizing knowledge
in this study:
i. How are men and women being different in this way?
ii. When they were testing, were gonadal steroids used to make
the difference?
Methodology
Participants will be chosen for a long-term study of how
prenatal testosterone affects the development of babies. In this
study, there aren't likely to be any big differences in predictor
or control factors between the bigger and smaller groups of
people who took part in it. Using backward stepwise linear
regression, the data will be looked at. All prenatal testosterone
values for both sexes will be combined, and the results will be
shown. SPSS will be used to do the analysis. The program is
advisable in this case since it saves time and generates
frequency distribution tables on a particular survey conducted.
Discussion
For this reason, looking into how heterogeneity in adult sexual
orientation came to be should help us understand how
heterogeneity in adult sexual orientation came to be. Exposure

11. to androgens during pregnancy has been shown to change the
preferences of children for sex-typical toys, activities, and
playmates. According to the study, girls who were exposed to
high testosterone levels before they were born had a greater
preference for toys, playmates , and activities that were more
like those of boys. These findings should support the idea that
having androgens in the body while pregnant makes one more
likely to want more activities when you're older. Some women
who took hormones while pregnant may have had kids who have
sex-type interests, based on research from women who took
hormones for medical reasons while pregnant (Bütikofer et al.,
2019). They have more male- or less female-typical behavior if
their moms used androgenic progestins while they were
pregnant, while kids whose moms used anti-androgenic
progestins show the opposite.
Conclusion
People who have the same androgen-deficient condition have
very different sexual orientation outcomes. This, as well as the
apparent role of puberty virilization or cultural influences on
sexual orientation in these illnesses, are important to note. The
way a person looks may have an effect on their sexual
orientation, at least in some cases People who have the same
androgen-deficient condition have very different sexual
orientation outcomes. This, as well as the apparent role of
puberty virilization or cultural influences on sexual orientation
in these illnesses, are important to note. The way a person looks
may have an effect on their sexual orientation, at least in some
cases. It has long-term physical consequences, such as increased
breasts and penises, as well as long-term repercussions on the
brain and body's reproductive capabilities. Future research may
examine novel methods for measuring hormone levels in healthy
adolescents during their formative years. Over the last decade
or two, considerable study has been conducted on a variety of
behaviors and other characteristics associated with sex

12. differences. This demonstrates how fascinating it is to discover
how fascinating these things are. Additionally, testosterone
levels can be determined in amniotic fluid samples. This data
collection contains only women who were referred for
amniocentesis for medical reasons. This is not to say that this
data set represents all women.
References
Sabo:AWS, A.https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-
resources/cengage/2011/experimental-
psychology_ebook_7e.php
Bütikofer, A., Figlio, D. N., Karbownik, K., Kuzawa, C. W., &
Salvanes, K. G. (2019). Evidence that prenatal testosterone
transfer from male twins reduces the fertility and
socioeconomic success of their female co-twins. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences, 116(14), 6749-6753.
Fisher, A. D., Ristori, J., Morelli, G., & Maggi, M. (2018). The
molecular mechanisms of sexual orientation and gender identity.
Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 467, 3-13.
Luoto, S., Krams, I., & Rantala, M. J. (2019). A life history
approach to the female sexual orientation spectrum: Evolution,
development, causal mechanisms, and health. Archives of
Sexual Behavior, 48(5), 1273-1308.
Wang, Y., Wu, H., & Sun, Z. S. (2019). The biological basis of
sexual orientation: How hormonal, genetic, and environmental
factors influence to whom we are sexually attracted. Frontiers
in neuroendocrinology, 55, 100798.