full detail of thyroid hormone

1. Thyroid Hormone
Prepared By:- Miss Anamika Singh

2. Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is the largest ,butterfly-shaped endocrine gland and is
located at the base of the neck immediately below the larynx on each side of
&anterior to the trachea .
The thyroid gland consist of 2 Types of cells.
Follicular cells:- These are more abundant ,and the major secretary cells.
They secrete thyroid harmone.
Para follicular cells or c-cells:-These are fewer in number &interspersed
They Secrete Calcitonin.

3. Follicular Cells- The Functional
Unit

4. Thyroid Hormone
The Thyroid gland secretes 3 Major hormones:-
Thyroxin or T4 :- Having 4 atom of Iodine .(secreted in largest amount)
Triiodothyronine or T3:- Having 3 atom of iodine (secreted in lesser amount)
Calcitonin:- Which is an important hormone of calcium metabolism .

5. Pharmacological Action of Thyroid
Hormone
Metabolic Function:-
CHO Metabolism
Glycogenolysis
Increase gluconeogensis
Glucose absorption from GIT
Enhance glycolsis –rapid uptake of glucose by the cell
Net Result –blood Glucose level
On protein metabolism :- protein catabolism
On Fat metabolism :- Mobilization of Fat
Oxidation of FA  FFA
On BMR:- BMR

6. Growth:- growth
On GIT:-
- Appetite & food intake .
- Rate of Secretion of Digestive juice
- Motility of GIT Diarrhea often result in hypertension
On CVS:-
-Enhance tissue sensitivity to catecholamine's
- Cardiac Output
On Nervous System :-
Excitable effect
Has role on development of brain in Fetal & 1st few week of postnatal life .
Muscle weakness due to protein catabolism.

7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN T4 &
T3
-The thyroid Secretes about 80 micrograms of T4, But only 5 Microorganism Of
T3 ,Per Day .
-However, T3 has a Much greater Biological activity (about 10X) than T4.
- An additional 25 micrograms/ day of T3 is Produced by Peripheral
monodeiodination of T4.

8. Thyroid Disorder

9. Biosynthesis Of Thyroid
Hormones

10. Biosynthesis Of Thyroid
Hormones
-Ingestion of iodide
-Activation of iodide (peroxidase) iodations of tyrosine
-coupling (peroxidase)
-Release (Proteolytic Enzyme)
-Iodide is actively transported to thyroid gland .Iodide is oxidized to
iodine by thyroid peroxidase ,which is turn iodinates tyrosine
residues of the thymoglobulin (TG) to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT)
and diiodotyrosin (DIT) .The Coupling of two DIT form T4 and the
coupling of one MIT and DIT forms T3 . The Process Of Coupling is
also Catalyzed by Thyroid peroxidase .T4 and T3 are released by
proteolysis.

11. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

12. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

13. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

14. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
4) Storage and release 5) Peripheral Conversion

15. Transport, Metabolism and Excretion -
Kinetics

16. T3 VS T4

17. Thyroid Regulation
Regulation of Thyroid Function :- Negative Feedback by Thyroid
hormone is Exercised Directly on Pituitary and Hypothalamus .

18. Relation of iodine to Thyroid
Function

19. WHO/UNICEF RECOMMENDED
DAILY IODINE
IODINE
50
90
120
150
200

20. MOA – Thyroid Hormones

21. Growth and development

22. Metabolisum

23. Calorigenic &CVS Effect

24. Therapeutic Uses

25. Thyroid hormone replacement
therapy / uses

26. Cretinism

27. Cretinism- Treatment

28. Adult Hypothyroidism

29. Myxoedema Coma

30. Myxoedema Coma – Treatment

32. Choice of Treatment For
Hyperthyroidism

33. Thyroid Inhibitors

34. Anti Thyroid Drugs-Mode Of
Action

36. Anti- Thyroid Drug – Contents

37. Clinical Uses- Anti Thyroid

38. Adverse Effects

39. Role Of B- Adrenergic Blocker

40. Thyroid Storm Or Crisis

41. Thyroid Storm or Crisis-
Treatment

42. Block and Replace Regimen

43. Iodine

44. Iodine-Uses

45. Radioiodine (I[3]1)