BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

1. BEAMS

5. Beams
• Since there are very few
large, old-growth trees
available, most large beams
are laminated
• They are more dimensionally
stable can be made to exact
size and specifications-add
on to make the structure
stronger

6. Frames
• Timber framing is a specific type of post and beam
construction that uses traditional wooden joinery to
connect members which is a peg (trunnels or tree-nails) to
secure a mortise and tenon joint.
• Timber frame structures exist today that have stood for
2,000 years or more, a testimony to their strength and
durability.

7. Trusses
• A type of roof construction that allows large spans with
small sized timbers with the use of triangulated structural
components.
• A timber roof truss is a structural framework of timbers
designed to bridge the space above a room and to provide
support for a roof.
• Trusses usually occur at regular intervals,
linked by longitudinal timbers such as
purlins. The space between each truss
is known as a bay.

9. Arches and Domes
• Long curved timbers for making heavy timber vaults and
heavy timber domes are easily fabricated in laminated
wood
• They are widely used in athletic arenas, auditoriums,
suburban retail stores, warehouses, and factories
• Similar to rigid frames, it must have tie-rods to counter
lateral thrust

10. Combining Heavy Timber and Light
Weight Construction
• Heavy timber can be combined with light frame for
structural and aesthetic reasons
• It is classified as type v (light frame) and has fewer
restrictions on building methods

11. Connection and timber joint

12. Basic joints for timber
- Are designed to allow length of timber to be
connected in variety of shapes and forms
- When choosing a joint, consider:
• Performance
• Economy
• Practicability
- Once selected, it must be marked, accurately.

13. Basic Construction Joints
Overlap Joints
• These joints are strong and simple and can be used for
general purpose jobs.

14. Butt Joint
• Simplest joint used in construction, joinery or
furniture trades.
• May held together with nails, screws, nail
plates, angle brackets or patent type
connectors
• In construction, commonly used where
noggings meet studs

16. Halving Joint
• Cross Halving Joint
• Tee Halving Joint
• Stopped Halving Joint
• Corner Halving Joint

18. Housing Joint
• Through Housing
• End-Lap Housing
• Side Housing
• Stopped Housing

20. Notched, Cogged and Checked Joints
• Notched Joint
• Double Notched Joint
• Cogged Joint
• Checked Joint